Studies on chitin 3—effect of coagulants and annealing on the preparation and the properties of chitin membrane

Chitin membrane was prepared by casting a N,N-dimethyl acetamide, N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone and lithium chloride (DMA-NMP-LiCl)solution of chitin and coagulating with several media. The effect of the coagulants on membrane formation was studied. 2-Propanol was found to be more favourable than methanol, ethanol, acetone and mixtures of 2-propanol and water. The membrane obtained in 2-propanol was subjected to annealing. Annealing made the membrane dense and strong. The tensile strength of the membrane annealed at 145°C for 2hr was about twice that of an unannealed membrane. The solute permeability of the annealed membranes was lower than that of the original one. These phenomena could be clearly interpreted in terms of crystallinity.     

甲壳素纤维/毛/绒双层织物的设计

通过分析甲壳素纤维各项性能,将其引入山羊绒产品中,对双层织物的设计进行探讨,并经过纺纱和织物试制,提出了设计与生产中应注意的问题,开发出了具有永久抗菌性的表层为羊绒、里层为甲壳素与改性羊毛混纺的系列产品.     

酸、碱溶液对脱脂蚕蛹的解剖结构影响

将脱脂蚕蛹分别置于清水、1%盐酸溶液和1%氢氧化钠溶液中,100℃浸泡处理20 min,采用电子光学显微分析技术观察脱脂蚕蛹的解剖结构。结果表明:①清水浸泡,蛋白质、甲壳素膨胀;②盐酸溶液浸泡,在蛋白质、甲壳素膨胀的同时,有蛋白的部分分解;③氢氧化钠溶液浸泡,蛋白质、甲壳素膨胀,蛋白质溶解,并伴有部分蛋白的分解。碱对蛋白层与甲壳层的层间有劈开作用。碱液能实现蛋白层与甲壳层的剥离。     

绿色木霉合成几丁质酶条件的研究

绿色木霉ＺＵ０１１在以０．５％几丁质为唯一碳源的培养基中几丁质酶活达到０．１２４ＩＵ／ｍＬ。几丁质酶合成的最佳碳源和诱导物为几丁质。在一定范围内啬２基中几丁质浓度,葡萄糖浓度,微量元素盐浓度和碳氮比都能提高几丁质酶活。胆汁酸和吐温８０作为表面活性剂能显著提高几丁质酶活。     

两类昆虫生长调节剂作用机制的比较

两种昆虫生长调节剂——几丁质合成抑制剂和非舀类蜕皮激素类似物虽然都是作用于蜕皮过程，但有着截然不同的作用机制，本文对这两种杀虫剂作用机制的研究进展进行了总结和比较。     

甲壳质及其衍生物的制备与应用

甲壳质是一种丰富的天然资源。近年来，甲壳质及其衍生物的开发应用受到国内外的重视，越来越多的产品将从实验室走向市场，本文介绍了甲壳质及其衍生物的制备方法及其在工业、农业、医药、环保、生物学等领域的应用。     

不同分子量超高脱乙酰度壳聚度糖的制备

将甲壳素分别在含硼氢化钠的氢氧化钠-正戊醇中和氢氧化钠-水中进行脱乙酰反应,再将得到的壳聚糖用过氧化氢-水反应体系降解,制得不同分子量的超高脱乙酰度壳聚糖.在氢氧化钠-正戊醇中制备的壳聚糖分子量介于24万和35万之间,在氢氧化钠-水中制备的壳聚糖分子量介于81万和100万之间.实验结果表明:在氢氧化钠-正戊醇体系中反应5 h或在氢氧化钠-水体系中反应6 h所制备壳聚糖的脱乙酰度均达98%以上,在脱乙酰反应中,延长反应时间脱乙酰度增大;采用过氧化氢-水反应体系降解壳聚糖时,影响壳聚糖分子量的因素包括过氧化氢与壳聚糖的投料比、反应温度及反应时间,而过氧化氢与壳聚糖的投料比是主要的影响因素.改变这些影响因素,可制备出分子量介于3.2万和56万之间的壳聚糖.     

壳聚糖的制备及应用

研究了甲壳质、光聚糖的制备方法,控制条件以及游离胺基、脱乙酰度的计算。     

异形涤纶/粘胶甲壳素纤维混纺转杯纱的开发

介绍了异形涤纶纤维与粘胶甲壳素纤维的原料性能和纺纱性能,分工序叙述了两种纤维混纺的转杯纺纱工艺技术措施,重点应注意防静电、防黏卷,控制好相对湿度。     

Bioconversion of shrimp shell waste for the production of antioxidant and chitosan used as fruit juice clarifier

The pH, proteolytic activity, extent of demineralisation and deprotenisation of shrimp waste were studied during 7 days of fermentation using Pseudomonas aeruginosa A2. After 3 days, pH dropped from 7.0 to 4.4 and then remained constant. Simultaneously, a demineralisation of 92% was achieved. However, protease activity reached its highest level (1230 U mL^?1) after 1 day of incubation, and a protein removal of 90% was achieved. Chitin obtained was converted to chitosan. This chitosan, with 73% deacetylation, was tested for clarification of different fruit juices. It was observed that low concentrations of chitosan (below to 1%) greatly increase the clarity of juices without affecting the nutritional value. The antioxidant activity of the hydrolysates produced during fermentation was tested. Hydrolysate obtained after 3 days showed the strongest scavenging activity (90%), which was comparable to the positive control BHA; however, that obtained after 1 day exhibited the highest ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (OD 700 nm = 1.7).