醇镁还原法一步制取对氯苯胺的研究

醇镁还原法一步制取对氯苯胺是一种新的方法 ,研究发现最佳反应温度为 80℃～ 85℃ ,反应时间为4h ,对氯硝基苯与镁粉的用量 (物质的量比 )为 1∶3,产率为 80 %。     

草除灵乙酯的合成研究

报道了以邻氯苯胺、硫氰酸铵、硫酰氯、亚硝酸钠和氯乙酸乙酯为主要原料合成草除灵乙酯的方法。该工艺总收率为 69 8% ,产品纯度达 98%。     

负载型铱催化剂催化氯代硝基苯选择性加氢

用等体积浸渍法制备了Ir/γ-Al2O3催化剂,以对氯硝基苯为底物,考察了催化剂的活化温度、反应温度、氢气压力、反应时间等条件对对氯硝基苯加氢反应的影响。实验结果表明,在120℃下活化1.0h得到的Ir/γ-Al2O3催化活性最高,在n(对氯硝基苯)∶n(Ir)=3 000、反应温度50℃、氢气压力0.5MPa、乙醇为溶剂的条件下反应2.5h,对氯硝基苯的转化率和对氯苯胺的选择性均达到100.0%。用该催化剂催化邻、间氯硝基苯加氢,当底物全部转化时,生成邻、间氯苯胺的选择性分别达到99.2%和100.0%,均没有检测到脱氯产物的生成。用该催化剂催化对氯硝基苯加氢反应,催化剂循环使用8次,反应时间延长至5h,对氯硝基苯完全转化,对氯苯胺的选择性仍高达98.2%。     

Sn^4＋修饰的PEG-Pd催化氯代硝基苯选择性加氢反应

考察了PEG-Pd（PEG：聚乙二醇,Pd 0.2%）催化剂催化对氯硝基苯的加氢反应中,添加第二金属组分以及Sn^4＋含量对反应的影响。结果表明,添加一定量的Sn^4＋对反应选择性有着显著的影响。不添加Sn^4＋离子,会有严重的脱氯反应发生;加入Sn^4＋离子后,在Sn与Pd的摩尔比为0.8,温度60℃,氢压1.0 MPa的条件下,经过60 min反应,对氯硝基苯转化率为99.6%,而对氯苯胺选择性由不加Sn^4＋离子时的68.5%上升到96.1%。对取代位置不同的其它氯代硝基苯,该催化体系同样表现出很高的催化活性和氯代苯胺选择性。     

N-(3’-氨基-4’-氯代)苯甲酰-2-甲基-5-氯代苯胺的合成

以 4氯甲苯为初始原料 ,经氧化、硝化、缩合、还原反应 ,制成有机颜料中间体 N (3 氨基 4 氯代 )苯甲酰 2甲基 5氯代苯胺。氧化温度为 60～ 1 0 0℃时 ,产物收率 91 .0 % ,硝化温度为 50～ 65℃时 ,一硝化物收率约 90 % ,产品总收率为 70 .1 %     

Preparation and characterization of poly(2‐chloroaniline)/SiO2 nanocomposite via oxidative polymerization: Comparative UV–vis studies into different solvents of poly(2‐chloroaniline) and poly(2‐chloroaniline)/SiO2

Poly(2‐chloroaniline)/silica (P2ClAn)/SiO₂ nanocomposites have been chemically prepared by oxidative polymerization of 2‐chloroaniline in acidic medium containing SiO₂. The prepared composites were characterized by FTIR, UV–vis, TGA, XRD, SEM, ESEM, conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility. The incorporation of P2ClAn in composites was endorsed by FTIR studies. The effect of the solution concentration of P2ClAn and P2ClAn/SiO₂ prepared in protonated, deprotonated, and reprotonated structures on the UV–vis spectra was investigated into three different solvents (DMF, NMP, and H₂SO₄). In all forms, the oxidation state of P2ClAn and P2ClAn/SiO₂ composite increased with increasing concentration of the testing solution into H₂SO₄. Thermogravimetric study exhibited that the composite has a higher thermal stability than P2ClAn. XRD measurement of the composite revealed that the crystal structure of incorporated SiO₂ undergone a distortion and converted into amorphous. Thus, the XRD pattern of P2ClAn was predominant. SEM analysis results revealed interesting morphological features for the composites converted to different forms and confirmed the formation of monodispersed composite particles. ESEM image of P2ClAn/SiO₂ has particle diameter of less than 1 μm. The conductivity of P2ClAn and P2ClAn/SiO₂ was measured by four‐probe technique. Magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed that the composite has a paramagnetic properties. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:935–943, 2006     

氯代硝基苯合成氯代苯胺的进展

氯代苯胺是一类重要的化工原料,广泛用于染料、香料、医药及橡胶助剂等行业。本文综述了氯代硝基苯还原制备氯代苯胺的几类方法,对各类方法进行了对比和讨论,其中环境友好的催化加氢还原法可通过添加脱氯抑制剂和改善催化剂性能两条途经来提高反应的选择性。认为催化加氢法是制备氯代苯胺的首选方法。     

Sn~(4+)修饰的PEG-Pd催化氯代硝基苯选择性加氢反应

考察了PEG-Pd(PEG:聚乙二醇,Pd 0.2%)催化剂催化对氯硝基苯的加氢反应中,添加第二金属组分以及Sn4+含量对反应的影响。结果表明,添加一定量的Sn4+对反应选择性有着显著的影响。不添加Sn4+离子,会有严重的脱氯反应发生;加入Sn4+离子后,在Sn与Pd的摩尔比为0.8,温度60℃,氢压1.0 MPa的条件下,经过60 min反应,对氯硝基苯转化率为99.6%,而对氯苯胺选择性由不加Sn4+离子时的68.5%上升到96.1%。对取代位置不同的其它氯代硝基苯,该催化体系同样表现出很高的催化活性和氯代苯胺选择性。     

镍基催化剂加氢还原氯代硝基苯时脱氯机制的研究

Ni-B/SiO2非晶态合金对一系列氯代芳烃硝基化合物进行加氢,脱氯顺序依次为:2-氯-5-硝基甲苯>邻氯硝基苯>间氯硝基苯=对氯硝基苯>2,5-二氯硝基苯。将Ni-B/SiO2非晶态合金和Raney Ni催化加氢邻氯硝基苯进行了对比,发现在—NO2转化成—NH2的反应终了之前,用非晶态镍催化剂的脱氯速度小于用Raney Ni催化剂的脱氯速度,但加氢反应终了之后,在非晶态镍催化剂上的脱氯速度大于Raney Ni催化剂上的脱氯速度。镍基催化剂的软硬度是催化剂选择性好坏的主要原因,镍基催化剂软度大有利于催化剂选择性的提高。     

Chemical synthesis and characterization of some conducting polyaniline derivatives: Investigation of the effect of protonation medium

Poly(o‐toluidine) (POT) and poly(2‐chloroaniline) (P2ClAn) emeraldine salts were synthesized chemically by using formic (HCOOH), acetic (CH₃COOH), propionic (C₂H₅COOH), and boric (H₃BO₃) acids. Ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectra (UV–Vis) analysis results indicated that POT has the better protonation effects than P2ClAn. Among the POTs synthesized using the four different acids, POT(H₃BO₃) showed the least protonation effect. The conductivities of prepared polymers were measured by a four‐probe technique. The highest conductivities were obtained in POTs synthesized by using formic, acetic, and propionic acids. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of the polymer salts were analyzed by using Gouy scale and it was found that POT(CH₃COOH) and POT(C₂H₅COOH) salts are of bipolaron structure; other polymer salts are of polaron structure. The characterization of the polymers were investigated by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. It was observed from UV–Vis spectra of the emeraldine salt of POT that wavelengths belonging to π → π* transitions shifted to shorter wavelengths with increasing pKa values of acids. POT and P2ClAn synthesized in four different protonation media decomposed with three‐step and three‐ or two‐step weight loss, respectively. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1993–2000, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10487