PREDICTING THE TIMING AND CHARACTERISTICS OF PETROLEUM FORMATION USING TAR MATS AND PETROLEUM ASPHALTENES: A CASE STUDY FROM THE NORTHERN NORTH SEA

The Northern Viking Graben area in the Norwegian North Sea was studied in order to investigate the petroleum formation characteristics of the Upper Jurassic Draupne Formation. In this area, the organofacies of the Draupne Formation, and consequently its petroleum generation characteristics, show significant variations. These variations represent a major risk, particularly in the context of basin modelling studies. Therefore, tar‐mat asphaltenes, oil asphaltenes and source‐rock samples from this area were studied in order to evaluate the use of migrated asphaltenes from petroleum reservoirs and tar mats in basin modelling. The samples were studied using bulk kinetic analysis, open‐system pyrolysis‐gas chromatography and elemental analyses, and the results were integrated into a basin modelling study. The results from these different sample materials were compared both to each other and to natural petroleum, in order to assess their significance for future petroleum exploration activities. We show that in cumulative petroleum systems, the transformation characteristics of the asphaltenes incorporate those of the individual source rock intervals which have contributed to the relevant reservoir system. Thus, the petroleum formation window predicted by the use of asphaltene kinetics is broad, and covers the majority of the formation windows predicted from the individual source rock samples. In addition, the molecular characteristics of asphaltene‐derived hydrocarbons show that compositional characteristics, such as aromaticity, correspond more closely to natural oils than to the respective source‐rock products. Our results confirm that the heterogeneous nature of the Draupne Formation results in a significantly broader petroleum formation window than is conventionally assumed. We propose that oil and tar‐mat asphaltenes from related reservoirs represent macromolecules which account for this heterogeneity in the source rock, since they represent mixtures of charges from the different organofacies. One conclusion is that the use of oil and tar‐mat asphaltenes in kinetic studies and compositional predictions may significantly improve definitions of petroleum formation characteristics in basin modelling.     

堇青石基玻璃陶瓷的制备与展望

介绍了制备堇青石基玻璃陶瓷的三种方法：熔融法、烧结法和溶胶-凝胶法，综述了玻璃组成、添加剂和成核剂对堇青石基玻璃陶瓷的烧结及性能的影响，并对其未来的发展进行了展望。     

光纤复合架空地线雷击断股的分析及试验

介绍了光纤复合架空地线(0PGW)雷击断股的特征，讨论了其原因和机理，并进行了0PGW的雷电冲击电波试验，分析了造成断股的影响因素，提出了防止雷击造成0PGW断股的措施。     

我国低松弛预应力钢丝钢绞线发展现状和展望

对我国低松弛预应力钢丝、钢绞线的发展及市场现状进行了综述，并对目前我国开发、生产与市场销售的严峻形势作了分析，提醒要上这一项目的厂家要慎重对待。     

夏季面漆起泡的预防

面漆漆膜在夏季潮湿天气下成膜后3—5天，漆膜表面易形成米粒状的漆泡，针对漆泡的现象，寻找其形成的机理，根据起泡的机理采取预防面漆起泡的措施。     

高等级公路边坡防护设计

分析了影响边坡稳定的因素 ,对不同环境条件下采用的不同路基边坡防护类型进行了介绍 ,重点阐述了经济有效的三维固土网垫结合植被护坡的类型 ,指出边坡稳定是保障公路畅通的重要基础     

等温核酸放大技术在重金属检测方面的应用

等温核酸放大技术是一种可以实现重金属污染物痕量分析的高灵敏性检测方法,在分析检测中有着广泛且重要的作用。本文综述了几种不同的等温核酸放大技术及其在重金属检测方面的应用,阐述分析了各方法的检测原理,为之后建立更加灵敏、快速、准确的检测方法提供了参考。虽然等温核酸放大技术目前主要停留在实验室阶段,并且检测目标有限,但是由于该技术的高灵敏性、特异性以及与其他学科紧密的联系性,具有潜在的应用前景。     

Elucidation of the Clustered Nano-Architecture of Radiation-Induced DNA Damage Sites and Surrounding Chromatin in Cancer Cells: A Single Molecule Localization Microscopy Approach

In cancer therapy, the application of (fractionated) harsh radiation treatment is state of the art for many types of tumors. However, ionizing radiation is a “double-edged sword”—it can kill the tumor but can also promote the selection of radioresistant tumor cell clones or even initiate carcinogenesis in the normal irradiated tissue. Individualized radiotherapy would reduce these risks and boost the treatment, but its development requires a deep understanding of DNA damage and repair processes and the corresponding control mechanisms. DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and their repair play a critical role in the cellular response to radiation. In previous years, it has become apparent that, beyond genetic and epigenetic determinants, the structural aspects of damaged chromatin (i.e., not only of DSBs themselves but also of the whole damage-surrounding chromatin domains) form another layer of complex DSB regulation. In the present article, we summarize the application of super-resolution single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) for investigations of these structural aspects with emphasis on the relationship between the nano-architecture of radiation-induced repair foci (IRIFs), represented here by γH2AX foci, and their chromatin environment. Using irradiated HeLa cell cultures as an example, we show repair-dependent rearrangements of damaged chromatin and analyze the architecture of γH2AX repair clusters according to topological similarities. Although HeLa cells are known to have highly aberrant genomes, the topological similarity of γH2AX was high, indicating a functional, presumptively genome type-independent relevance of structural aspects in DSB repair. Remarkably, nano-scaled chromatin rearrangements during repair depended both on the chromatin domain type and the treatment. Based on these results, we demonstrate how the nano-architecture and topology of IRIFs and chromatin can be determined, point to the methodological relevance of SMLM, and discuss the consequences of the observed phenomena for the DSB repair network regulation or, for instance, radiation treatment outcomes.     

玻璃纤维毡增强热塑性复合片材的研制和应用

本文简要介绍了玻璃纤维毡增强聚丙烯片材的研制，性能和应用。