Visual evaluation at scale of threshold to suprathreshold color difference

Visual evaluation experiments of color discrimination threshold and suprathreshold color‐difference comparison were carried out using CRT colors based on the psychophysical methods of interleaved staircase and constant stimuli, respectively. A large set of experimental data was generated ranged from threshold to large suprathreshold color difference at the five CIE color centers. The visual data were analyzed in detail for every observer at each visual scale to show the effect of color‐difference magnitude on the observer precision. The chromaticity ellipses from this study were compared with four previous published data, of CRT colors by Cui and Luo, and of surface colors by RIT‐DuPont, Cheung and Rigg, and Guan and Luo, to report the reproducibility of this kind of experiment using CRT colors and the variations between CRT and surface data, respectively. The present threshold data were also compared against the different suprathreshold data to show the effect of color‐difference scales. The visual results were further used to test the three advance color‐difference formulae, CMC, CIE94, and CIEDE2000, together with the basic CIELAB equation. In their original forms or with optimized K_L values, the CIEDE2000 outperformed others, followed by CMC, and with the CIELAB and CIE94 the poorest for predicting the combined dataset of all color centers in the present study. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 198–208, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20106     

Color characteristics of Cu-Zn-Al alloys

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改进的遮挡条件下瞳孔检测方法

受到眼睑、睫毛、反光等干扰,提取的瞳孔往往无法近似成标准的椭圆,给瞳孔精确检测带来了难度。针对遮挡问题,提出了一种改进的遮挡瞳孔精确检测方法,该方法首先获取瞳孔图像的感兴趣区域,在对该区域进行阈值分割的基础上,通过滤波去噪和扫描线法去除光源反光的影响;根据沿遮挡瞳孔的分界线进行水平旋转,应用内接平行四边形法确定瞳孔的中心;根据圆形检测理论,提出一种中心修正算法,将求得的两个圆的交点作为眼睑与瞳孔的交点,计算出旋转角度,从而精化瞳孔中心的定位;最后利用五点法计算得到的瞳孔椭圆参数作为初始值,通过最小化拟合椭圆与边缘点之间的欧氏距离,使得该椭圆在非线性最小二乘意义下是最优的。实验结果表明,该方法具有良好的鲁棒性和准确性,在遮挡不超过瞳孔面积一半的情况下,能得到较为精确的瞳孔位置和边界。     

Epileptic seizure classification in EEG signals using second-order difference plot of intrinsic mode functions

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder which is characterized by transient and unexpected electrical disturbance of the brain. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a commonly used signal for detection of epileptic seizures. This paper presents a new method for classification of ictal and seizure-free EEG signals. The proposed method is based on the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the second-order difference plot (SODP). The EMD method decomposes an EEG signal into a set of symmetric and band-limited signals termed as intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). The SODP of IMFs provides elliptical structure. The 95% confidence ellipse area measured from the SODP of IMFs has been used as a feature in order to discriminate seizure-free EEG signals from the epileptic seizure EEG signals. The feature space obtained from the ellipse area parameters of two IMFs has been used for classification of ictal and seizure-free EEG signals using the artificial neural network (ANN) classifier. It has been shown that the feature space formed using ellipse area parameters of first and second IMFs has given good classification performance. Experimental results on EEG database available by the University of Bonn, Germany, are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于分裂式K均值聚类的肤色检测方法

针对复杂图像背景及光照导致的肤色检测率不高的问题,提出一种基于分裂式K均值聚类的椭圆模型肤色检测方法。该方法对图像进行光线补偿处理,采用Gray World方法对图像进行颜色均衡,选择建立检测效率较高的椭圆肤色模型进行肤色检测,并在检测出的肤色区域上采用分裂式K均值聚类(FKM)进行二次的肤色判决,进一步准确检测出肤色区域。实验表明,所提出的检测算法能准确高效地检测出肤色区域,具有较高地准确率和较强的鲁棒性。     

低品质因数谐振筒的谐振频率测量系统

谐振筒式密度计的测量原理为谐振筒的谐振频率会随筒内液体密度的变化而变化,从而通过测量其谐振频率来达到测量其密度的目的。但由于低品质因数谐振筒在谐振频率附近的幅度与其他频率的幅度区分度太小,导致谐振难以实现。因此如何使低品质因数谐振筒达到谐振状态并测得其谐振频率,是谐振筒式燃油密度传感器激励系统的关键问题。激励系统以DSP为主控芯片,运用椭圆拟合的方法解决了低品质因数谐振筒式密度计激励系统的关键技术问题-增益测量和相位测量,运用原位计算节省了DSP大量的内存空间,同时运算量又较小。仿真结果表明,增益测量精度优于0.05%,相位测量精度优于0.05%,高于实际需要。系统在测量并记录了增益、相位差之后,利用相关算法实现了自动增益调节和自动相位调节,并实现了谐振筒的谐振,测得了其谐振频率。     

基于图像反馈的标靶面与光轴垂直调节系统

介绍了摄像机标定的内部参数,阐述了标靶面与光轴垂直可以简化标定的过程.当标靶面与光轴垂直时,利用标靶面上特征圆在CCD成像面上成像也是圆的特点,提出了基于图像反馈的标靶面与光轴垂直的调节方法.一般情况下,标靶面与光轴不垂直,标靶面上特征圆在CCD成像面上成像为椭圆.通过图像处理和最小二乘椭圆拟合法计算出成像椭圆的长短轴及偏角,设计了调整控制策略.实验结果表明,该方法是有效可行的.     

地球敏感器成像仿真与检测方法

针对地球敏感器的设计与仿真需求,研究了地球椭球成像、大气轮廓、晨昏线及背景星空成像,实现了高精度地球敏感器成像仿真;并在此基础上比较实验了圆拟合、椭圆拟合等不同地球边界拟合及地心检测算法的性能,根据系统在轨运行特点,提出了分步地球图像检测算法.一方面克服单纯圆拟合方法带来的地球扁率误差,另一方面利用轨道先验知识克服椭圆拟合过程中的长轴不稳定性.仿真实验证明,该方法有效地提高了敏感器检测精度及系统鲁棒性,并且时间复杂度低,满足在轨要求,能够有效促进各型地球敏感器的性能提升.     

活塞异型截面曲线数控加工中的一种逼近方法

针对发动机活塞截面曲线的非标准性，提出了采用最少的圆弧段逼近加工曲线的方法，详细地分析了用圆弧段逼近非标准随圆曲线的过程，并对逼近误差进行分析，满足加工拟合曲线的要求。此种方法计算简单，精度较高。     

大型薄壁组焊椭圆封头尺寸及变形的控制工艺

叙述了在压力容器制造中,当简体组装、封头分片压制后,焊接大型薄壁椭圆封头,其尺寸和角变形量的控制工艺。