Diluted chemical bath deposition of CdZnS as prospective buffer layer in CIGS solar cell

In this study, dilute chemical bath deposition technique has been used to deposit CdZnS thin films on soda-lime glass substrates. The structural, morphological, optoelectronic properties of as-grown films have been investigated as a function of different Zn²⁺ precursor concentrations. The X-ray diffractogram of CdS thin-film reveals a peak corresponding to (002) plane with wurtzite structure, and the peak shift has been observed with the increase of the Zn²⁺ concentration upon formation of CdZnS thin film. From morphological studies, it has been revealed that the diluted chemical bath deposition technique provides homogeneous distribution of film on the substrate even at a lower concentration of Zn²⁺. Optical characterization has shown that the transparency of the film is influenced by Zn²⁺ concentration and when the Zn²⁺ concentration is varied from 0 M to 0.0256 M, bandgap values of resulting films range from 2.42 eV to 3.90 eV while. Furthermore, electrical properties have shown that with increasing zinc concentration the resistivity of the film increases. Finally, numerical simulation validates and suggests that CdZnS buffer layer with composition of 0.0032 M Zn²⁺ concentration would be a promising candidate in CIGS solar cell.     

人纤维蛋白原对急诊外伤致创伤性凝血病疗效及相关因素分析

目的:探讨人纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen，FIB)对急诊创伤性凝血病患者的临床疗效及相关因素。方法:将2015年6月至2018年6月本院收治的100例严重创伤患者纳入本研究，根据是否创伤性凝血病分为凝血病组(80例)和非凝血病组(20例)。比较凝血病组和非凝血病组患者收住后第1个24 h的急性生理和慢性健康评分(acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II，APACHE II)、创伤严重程度评分(injury severity score，ISS)、低体温及低灌注发生率等指标。采用Logistic多因素回归方法分析严重创伤患者发生创伤性凝血病的相关因素。将80例创伤性凝血病患者随机分为观察组(40例)和对照组(40例)。对照组按照常规诊疗措施治疗，观察组在对照组处理基础上给予人FIB，比较治疗前后观察组和对照组的凝血功能指标，及治疗后的临床用血量、住院时间及病死率。结果:与治疗前相比，治疗后观察组和对照组的凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time，PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time，APTT)及D-二聚体水平降低(P<0.05)，FIB水平明显升高(P<0.05)。观察组的红细胞(red blood cell，RBC) 输注量、新鲜冰冻血浆(fresh frozen plasma，FFP)输注量、重症加强护理病房(intensive care unit，ICU)时间及病死率均明显低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。创伤性凝血病患者PT>18 s(r=0.623，P=0.024)、APTT>60 s(r=0.722，P=0.018)、凝血酶时间(thrombin time，TT)>15 s(r=0.719，P=0.033)与ISS评分呈正相关。碱缺失(base deficit，BD)≥6(OR=3.678，95%CI=1.065～9.417)、格拉斯哥评分(Glasgow coma scale，GCS)≤8(OR=5.299，95%CI=1.122～8.711)和血小板(platelet，PLT)计数(OR=0.982，95%CI=0.971～0.996)是严重创伤患者发生创伤性凝血病的独立预测因素。结论:人FIB可有效改善创伤性凝血病患者的凝血功能，降低病死率、缩短ICU时间，创伤性凝血病与创伤严重程度、合并休克、低体温和重型颅脑损伤存在一定的相关性。     

Treatment of low turbidity water by sweep coagulation using bentonite

A novel strategy of sweep coagulation to treat low turbidity water is presented herein. Study findings demonstrated that an Na⁺‐saturated bentonite with medium cation exchange capacity (CEC) resulted in significant turbidity removal at a bentonite dosage of 30 mg dm^?3. Bentonite dispersion with fully delaminated platelets tended to undergo a more porous type of coagulation with intense face‐to‐face interactions of platelets and effectively entrapped TiO₂ particles in band‐type structures. This type of coagulation usually results in a large volume of settled flocs with a fluffy structure and excellent turbidity removal efficiency for sweep coagulation. The sign and magnitude of electrical charge on TiO₂ particles has a minor effect on the efficiency of sweep coagulation. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Silver electrodeposition from air and water-stable ionic liquid: An environmentally friendly alternative to cyanide baths

The influence of temperature on the kinetics and the morphology of silver deposits obtained from an air and water-stable ionic liquid (the 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate) was studied by means of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The nucleation and growth mechanisms have been investigated and the effect of temperature evaluated up to 200 °C. Dense, pure and very thin (about 0.3 μm) silver coatings, with decorative properties, have been obtained on commercial copper electrodes at different temperatures. The characterization of the deposits morphology has been performed by visual investigation and SEM microscopy. Data about thickness were acquired by Calotest® measurements. The deposits result constituted by pure silver as determined by combination of EDX microanalysis and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). The deposition method promises to be a new, environmentally friendly, method for silver electrodeposition which is the reason for the absence of cyanide and volatile toxic solvents in the electroplating bath.     

毛/涤纱分散/酸性(媒染)染料一浴法筒子染色工艺

毛/涤纱分散/酸性(媒染)染料一浴法筒子染色工艺,在100℃条件下能满足毛、涤两种纤维同时上染,染色产品具有着色深浓鲜艳,色泽一致,各项牢度符合要求,对纤维无损伤等优点,从而缩短生产时间,降低成本,提高经济效益。     

Analytical characterization of cadmium cyanamide in CdS thin films and bulk precipitates produced from CBD process in pilot plant

CdS thin films and bulk precipitates were obtained by chemical bath deposition (CBD) in a well-closed reactor. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, elemental analysis and leaching have been used to characterize solids and thin films. It has been shown that the proportion of cadmium cyanamide in solids may vary from about 50% to 2% according to physicochemical conditions in solution (time after CBD, ammonia concentration) and that CdO results from CdCN₂ after air annealing of thin films. This last step also increases the crystallinity of the films.     

高浓度焦化废水的预氧化-混凝处理研究

焦化废水成分十分复杂,污染物浓度高,性质非常稳定且水量大,是典型的难降解有机废水。使用H2O2为氧化剂,FeSO4.7H2O为催化剂的Fenton氧化法对钢铁焦化厂废水的终冷水进行了试验研究,氧化处理后用FeCl3为混凝剂对COD,NH3-N,色度及浊度的去除率进行了系统的考查。确定了氧化反应的影响因素和最佳的混凝实验条件。结果表明:当pH值控制在3左右,反应时间为30 min,反应温度为80℃,焦化废水的COD,NH3-N,浊度和色度去除率分别达到了93.1%,96.2%,90.8%和90.2%。     

微酸性光亮锡铅合金镀液分析方法

提出锡铅合金液中Ｓｎ＾２＋，Ｓｎ（ＩＶ），ＰＢ＾２＋、ＥＤＴＱＡ、柠檬酸三钠的分析方法。     

含油废水处理

在水量水质调查的基础上，本文提出了以出水回用为目的的含油废水隔油调节沉淀－混凝沉淀－砂滤处理工艺，动态模型试验表明，废水中油和ＣＯＤ的去除率分别达到９５％和９０％，出水浊度低于２，此水质完全可回用于有关生产车间。