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1.
Sleep modes are widely accepted as an effective technique for energy-efficient networking: by adequately putting to sleep and waking up network resources according to traffic demands, a proportionality between energy consumption and network utilization can be approached, with important reductions in energy consumption. Previous studies have investigated and evaluated sleep modes for wireless access networks, computing variable percentages of energy savings. In this paper we characterize the maximum energy saving that can be achieved in a cellular wireless access network under a given performance constraint. In particular, our approach allows the derivation of realistic estimates of the energy-optimal density of base stations corresponding to a given user density, under a fixed performance constraint. Our results allow different sleep mode proposals to be measured against the maximum theoretically achievable improvement. We show, through numerical evaluation, the possible energy savings in today’s networks, and we further demonstrate that even with the development of highly energy-efficient hardware, a holistic approach incorporating system level techniques is essential to achieving maximum energy efficiency. 相似文献
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Deformation behavior of stoichiometric blends made from poly(styrene-co-styrenesulfonic acid) (SPS) and poly(styrene-co-4-vinylpyridine) (SVP) was investigated by TEM observation of strained thin films. An FTIR investigation revealed that ionic cross-links were formed between the component polymers upon blending due to intermolecular ion-ion interactions, which arose from proton transfer from sulfonic acid groups to pyridine groups. TEM observations indicate that the deformation mode of the blends changed from crazing only to crazing plus shear deformation, with the shear contribution becoming larger, as the ion content in the blends increased. Such changes in deformation mode can be understood as arising from an increase in the ‘effective’ strand density due to the formation of ionic cross-links upon blending. It was also found that the ionic cross-links via pyridinium cation/sulfonate anion ion pairs were more effective in inducing the transition of deformation mode than ionic cross-links via -SO3−/Na+ or -SO3−/Ca2+ ion pairs. 相似文献
4.
反凝析现象对雅克拉凝析气处理工艺的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
雅克拉凝析气田位于塔里木盆地北部,地处新疆维吾尔自治区阿克苏地区境内,它是中国石化集团公司西北分公司探明并投入开发的最大凝析气田,采用衰竭式开采。通过对井口物流的相态研究,认识了凝析气的反凝析规律,采取了提高凝析气中C+3收率的方法,以确保外输干气的烃露点达到管输要求,并提高该气田开发的经济效益。在工艺方案设计过程中,通过多种工艺方案比选,确定选用膨胀机进口压力为6.0 MPa的膨胀机制冷工艺, C+3收率达到92%以上,外输干气烃露点满足管输要求。 相似文献
5.
在讨论包装技术高级技能人才概念的基础上,从培养的途径、培养的方式等方面进行了详细的分析与探讨. 相似文献
6.
本文阐述了通过Friedel-Crafts反应合成邻-(4-乙基苯甲酰基)苯甲酸的方法.研究了影响产物质量的因素,提出了适宜的工艺条件. 相似文献
7.
Copolyesters containing poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(hexamethylene terephthalate) (PHT) were prepared by a melt condensation reaction. The copolymers were characterised by infrared spectroscopy and intrinsic viscosity measurements. The density of the copolyesters decreased with increasing percentage of PHT segments in the backbone. Glass transition temperatures (Tg). melting points (Tm) and crystallisation temperatures (Tc) were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. An increase in the percentage of PHT resulted in decrease in Tg, Tm and Tc. The as-prepared copolyesters were crystalline in nature and no exotherm indicative of cold crystallisation was observed. The relative thermal stability of the polymers was evaluated by dynamic thermogravimetry in a nitrogen atmosphere. An increase in percentage of PHT resulted in a decrease in initial decomposition temperature. The rate of crystallisation of the copolymers was studied by small angle light scattering. An increase in percentage of PHT resulted in an increase in the rate of crystallisation. 相似文献
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Some substituted coumarins have been synthesized by von-Pechmann condensation using SnCl2 · 2H2O (10 mol %) as catalyst in ethanolic medium. The reactions are simple, easy in handling and environmentally benign. 相似文献
10.
N. A. Kochetov B. S. Seplyarskii S. G. Vadchenko 《International Journal of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis》2008,17(3):206-209
Combustion of bulk density Ti powder (containing 20 wt % TiN as a diluent) in a coflow of N2-Ar mixture was investigated upon variation in the nitrogen content of the gaseous mixture. The obtained data are believed
to open up new horizons for fabrication of layered and composite ceramics by infiltration-mediated combustion.
相似文献