多路热气流量控制及其在防除冰试验中的应用

流量精确控制是保证结冰风洞热气防除冰试验成功的关键,针对传统调节阀控制存在受下游影响大和多路流量控制耦合的问题,设计了一套多路热气流量控制系统,采用背压阀对各支路流量控制单元入口压力进行精确控制,通过电作动筒改变各支路针阀喉道流通面积,结合临界流文氏管流量计流量测量,实现多路流量解耦控制。试验表明,多路热气流量控制系统可实现多路流量解耦控制,调节速度快,10 s左右即可达到目标流量,控制精度高,稳定后最大相对误差小于0.6%,该系统可为我国后续飞行器防除冰试验系统验证与适航审定提供有力支撑。     

Intelligent adaptive observer-based optimal control of overhead transmission line de-icing robot manipulator

In cold season, wet snow ice accretion on overhead transmission lines increases wind load effects which in turn increases line tension. This increased line tension causes undesirable effects in power systems. This paper discusses the design of an observer-based boundary sliding mode control (BSMC) for 3 DOF overhead transmission line de-icing robot manipulator (OTDIRM). A robust radial basis functional neural network (RBFNN) observer-based neural network (NN) controller is developed for the motion control of OTDIRM, which is a combination of BSMC, NN approximation and adaptation law. The RBFNN-based adaptive observer is designed to estimate the positions and velocities. The weights of both NN observer and NN approximator are tuned off-line using particle swarm optimization. Using Lyapunov analysis the closed loop tracking error was verified for a 3 DOF OTDIRM. Finally, the robustness of the proposed neural network-based adaptive observer boundary sliding mode control (NNAOBSMC) was verified against the input disturbances and uncertainties.     

特高压直流输电系统换流站的优化设计(英文)

Based on the consultation and study for Xiangjiaba-Shanghai ±800 kV UHVDC(ultra high voltage direct current) project,this paper presents an optimal design for key technique solutions.In this paper,the DC system electrical scheme design,the DC filter design,the DC harmonic component suppression,the over voltage and insulation coordination,the requirements for converter station equipment,the main equipment technical parameters of equipment(including thyristor valve,converter transformer,smoothing reactor,DC breaker),the configuration of measuring device and DC control protection system,and the de-icing operation design are investigated.According to the UHVDC technology researched conclusions and the development of the project construction,the UHVDC system design for converter stations becomes an optimal combination.The optimized design solves numbers of technical problems of the world’s first UHVDC project,and it is applied to the project’s construction.Under the actual operating condition,the optimized design is proved to be correct and superior.These optimal design conclusions are impartment for developing UHVDC technique and equipment,and provide reference for future UHVDC projects.     

飞机防冰涂料的研究进展

介绍了防冰涂料的机理以及国内外防冰涂料的研究进展,包括低表面能、形成粗糙表面结构的超疏水涂层,同时分析了将防冰涂料与热除冰技术联合使用的可行性,讨论了防冰涂料应用存在的问题,对防冰涂料的发展趋势进行了分析和展望。     

关于架空输电线除冰措施的研究

降低冰灾损失是目前的技术难题,通常的融冰措施可分为热融冰和机械除冰两类,该文简要阐述了利用焦耳效应、短路电流热效应、高频高压激励时介质损耗发热以及双分裂导体间电磁力、短时脉冲引起的电动力除冰的机理,并分析了各方案的利弊及应用范围。此外,介绍了其它国家在此领域取得的科技成果。     

风力机桨叶超声波除冰实验技术研究及其应用

利用人工环境实验室、模态分析系统、自行设计的两套超声波除冰设备和嵌有压电陶瓷片的风力机桨叶建立风力机桨叶超声波除冰实验台,对不同覆冰状态下的桨叶进行了模态分析,从桨叶的曲率模态参数中提取风力机桨叶覆冰区域与覆冰厚度参数,并利用压电陶瓷片产生的超声波横向剪切应力给风力机桨叶除冰。实验表明,根据所获得的覆冰区域与覆冰厚度参数能较准确地诊断风力机桨叶覆冰状态,超声波除冰技术适用于风力机覆冰桨叶。通过对实验数据分析,提出了除冰时间与覆冰厚度、除冰能耗与覆冰温度和除冰能耗与覆冰厚度之间的定量关系式,为设计超声波桨叶除冰系统提供实验依据。     

Corrosion behaviour of aircraft coating systems in acetate- and formate-based de-icing chemicals

Corrosion behaviour of four coating systems, which are commonly used in aircraft components; namely cadmium-coated and subsequently chromate-treated steel AISI 4340, aluminium-coated steel AISI 4340, anodised aluminium alloy 7075-T6 and chromate-treated aluminium alloy 7075-T6, were investigated in six commercial acetate- and formate-based de-icing chemicals. The results show that the aluminium-coated steel specimens experience least corrosion among the four coating systems; no corrosion is detected in potassium acetate-based de-icing chemicals (Safeway KA HOT, Safegrip and Safegrip+), although some corrosion is observed in the other three chemicals (Safeway SD, Safeway SF and Meltium). In contrast, the coatings in the other three coating systems are damaged in all six de-icing chemicals. The thickness of the coating does not necessarily predict how well the coating will protect the substrate; the thickest coating, several tens of micrometres, is apparent on the cadmium- and chromate-coated steel specimens, while only a few micrometres thin aluminium coating on the steel substrate is the only coating system that can survive the corrosion tests in some of the de-icing chemicals. Comparison of the results from the two test methods used in this research, polarisation measurements and chemical exposure tests, shows that, for each coating system, the extent of corrosion, as evaluated on the basis of weight changes calculated from corrosion current density values and those experienced during chemical exposure tests, is different: the weight changes that materialise during exposure tests are, at least, from one to two orders of magnitude higher than those predicted by calculations. In this paper, these observations are discussed and explanations for them are presented.     

Smart Power Line and photonic de-icer concepts for transmission-line capacity and reliability improvement

This paper introduces the Smart Power Line (SPL) concept. This novel approach can be implemented on existing transmission lines comprising of single- or multiple-conductor bundles. It can also be applied to new, advanced line schemes. The SPL addresses three important needs: line de-icing, line impedance modulation and line monitoring.Line de-icing (LDI) can be activated prior to or during any severe climatic event, for concentrating the total power line current into one subconductor at a time and therefore de-icing by the Joule effect. Line impedance modulation (LIM) is another feature of the SPL by which line power flow and stability are also controlled by individually switching in and out subconductors of bundled-conductor lines, thereby modifying the net line impedance directly and dynamically. Line monitoring (LMO) provides real-time data related to electrical, mechanical or climatic events needed for line de-icing, power flow or stability control. By combining these three functions together, the SPL concept is expected to improve transmission-line reliability and transmission-line capacity. The power line reliability and life expectancy are increased by avoiding line and tower collapse due to ice deposits, hard rime or wet snow, reducing metal fatigue and avoiding failure due to galloping. The SPL concept can be applied to bundled-conductor transmission lines at any voltage level (HV and UHV).In addition to the SPL concept, new de-icing equipment, the so-called photonic de-icer, is also introduced in this paper. In order to ensure the mechanical robustness of the transmission line in the event of severe ice storms, past experience has shown that the switchgear must be maintained operational at all times. The photonic de-icer is operated at ground level and at ground potential to melt ice on substation apparatus or to keep the latter warm during icing events.     

基于高频高压激励法的输电线路融冰方法研究

针对现有输电线路融冰技术的缺陷,提出了一种基于线路集肤效应和电介质损耗理论的18kV、40 kHz高频高压激励融冰方法.该方法通过提高线路融冰电流的频率来加深线路的集肤效应,使线路单位长度的电阻显著提高,即在相同的发热功率要求下可减少线路的传输电流.简要论述了除冰装置的具体构成及其线路连接运行图.根据1000 kV特高...     

输电线路中频融冰频率与热功率均匀度分析

输电线路的覆冰会引发线路过负载、绝缘性能降低、杆塔倒塌、导线舞动等事故,而主流的短路融冰方法都存在着不可克服的缺陷;为此在高频激励新型输电线路融冰方法基础上,针对其在冰层介质损耗角正切值较小时电源频率过高的问题,提出了以牺牲一定融冰热功率均匀度为代价的中频融冰方法。首先基于均匀传输线理论,以长为100 km、电压等级为220 kV输电线路为例,搭建覆冰线路均匀传输线等效电路模型;继而分析沿线电压、电流和功率因数分布规律以及融冰频率与热功率均匀度的相互影响;最后提出输电线路中频融冰最佳电源频率的确定方法。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性与实用性。