Chemical interactions between soil N and alkaline-hydrolysing N fertilizers

Chemical interactions between soil N and alkaline-hydrolysing N fertilizers labelled with¹⁵N were studied in the laboratory using twelve-irradiated soils. Fertilizer was recovered in the soil organic N fraction via the process of NH₃ fixation. NH₃ fixation at day 7 varied from 1.8 to 4.6% of the N added as aqua ammonia at 1000 mg kg^–1 soil. The amount of NH₃ fixed increased with increasing rates of application of NH_3(aq) and urea. The rate of NH₃ fixation decreased with time, with more than 55% of the total NH₃ fixation in 28 days occurring in the first week following application of 2000 mg urea-N kg^–1 soil. Soil pH and NH₃ fixation varied in response to N source, and increased in the order of di-ammonium phosphate 3 fixation, resulting in the release of unlabelled ammonium (deamination) and a real added nitrogen interaction in all but two of the soils studied. The release of NH ₄ ⁺ initially increased up to a pH of 7.5, was inhibited between pH 8.5 and 9.0, but increased thereafter. The balance (N_bal) between NH₃ fixation and deamination was either positive or negative, depending on the pH of the fertilized soil, which was directly related to N source and concentration for a given soil.     

多钒酸铵静态热分解制备粉状五氧化二钒

分析了多钒酸铵(APV)热分解的动力学模型。在实验室条件下,通过APV静态热解制备了粉状五氧化二钒,研究了静态中温条件下氨的脱除、钒的价态变化,以及硫、硅、钾、钠等主要杂质在产物中的含量与温度及时间的关系。结果表明,较佳的反应条件为:分解温度(640±5)℃,时间30min,即可获得分析纯的产品。     

A membrane filter method for the enumeration of aquatic ammonifiers

A standard procedure for the enumeration of heterotrophic bacteria, utilizing heterotrophic plate count medium (m-HPC), has been modified to allow bacterial ammonifier populations also to be counted. Nessler's reagent was included as an outside indicator to ascertain what portion of the population is capable of ammonification. Typically the ammonifier population varied among aquatic habitats, ranging from 0.08 to 37.0% of the heterotrophic population in river water samples, 0.2 to 10.6% for irrigation water samples, and 1.4 to 3.0% for pond and lake water samples.     

树枝化聚合物原料——3,5-二溴苯甲酸乙酯的合成研究

在乙酸乙酯介质中,3,5-二溴-4-氨基苯甲酸乙酯经重氮化和还原脱氨一步法合成树枝化聚合物原料--3,5-二溴苯甲酸乙酯,通过正交实验得到3,5-二溴苯甲酸乙酯的最佳合成条件为:硫酸用量为3,5-二溴-4-氨基苯甲酸乙酯的2.5倍,反应温度为60℃,3,5-二溴-4-氨基苯甲酸乙酯与亚硝酸钠的摩尔比为1:3,乙酸乙酯用...     

有机中间产品3，5-二氯硝基苯合成条件的研究

研究了以2,6-二氯-4-硝基苯胺为原料,合成3,5-氯苯胺的中间体3,5-二氯硝基苯的工艺条件。通过实验讨论了硫酸用量、乙醇用量、反应温度、时间、催化剂等各种因素对产品产率的影响,确定了最佳合成条件。结果表明：在最佳合成条件下,得到的产品收率可达79．6％。     

4-甲基-5-甲酰基噻唑的合成研究

研究了头孢托仑匹酯3-位侧链4-甲基-5-甲酰基噻唑(1)的合成工艺,以氯丙酮(2)和硫脲为起始原料,经环合、Vilsmeier甲酰化、重氮化还原脱氨基得到4-甲基-5-甲酰基噻唑(1),反应总收率为58.5%。考察了重氮化还原脱氨基反应中溶剂、反应温度、亚硝酸叔丁酯及添加剂二甲基亚砜的用量对产物1收率的影响,得出了优化工艺条件。     

酸法去酰胺提高大豆分离蛋白持水性的研究

为了提高大豆分离蛋白(SPI)的持水性,采用HCl对SPI进行去酰胺改性。采用响应面分析法,以持水性为响应值,研究了HCl浓度、反应温度、反应时间对SPI持水性的影响。并对去酰胺改性前后的蛋白样品进行疏水性和电镜扫描(SEM)的测定与分析,结果表明:HCl对SPI能够发挥去酰胺作用,其酸法提高SPI持水性优化的工艺条件为HCl浓度0.21 mol/L、反应温度66℃、反应时间3 h。该条件下生产的SPI样品与未改性的SPI样品相比,持水性由5.60 mL/g提高到7.82 mL/g,提高了39.6%,其脱酰胺程度为24.5%。     

有色冶炼氨氮废水脱氨系统设计与工业实践

对汽提精馏脱氨系统的物料平衡和热量平衡进行了理论计算,并将计算结果与有色冶炼工程案例中的运行指标进行了比较。结果表明,实际运行指标与理论计算结果一致,汽提精馏脱氨技术不仅能将废水氨氮去除至10 mg/L以下,还可回收浓度15%以上的氨水。     

Reactions of free chlorine with substituted anilines in aqueous solution and on granular activated carbon

Aqueous HOCl reacted with substituted anilines to form chlorinated derivatives. Some debromination and bromination products were also detected from two brominated anilines. When granular activated carbon was present, many additional products were formed. These compounds fall into several different groups: (1) N-acylation products, (2) N-carbomethoxylation products, (3) N=N dimerization products and (4) deamination and hydroxylation products.     

Immobilization of Lathyrus cicera Amine Oxidase on Magnetic Microparticles for Biocatalytic Applications

Amine oxidases are enzymes belonging to the class of oxidoreductases that are widespread, from bacteria to humans. The amine oxidase from Lathyrus cicera has recently appeared in the landscape of biocatalysis, showing good potential in the green synthesis of aldehydes. This enzyme catalyzes the oxidative deamination of a wide range of primary amines into the corresponding aldehydes but its use as a biocatalyst is challenging due to the possible inactivation that might occur at high product concentrations. Here, we show that the enzyme’s performance can be greatly improved by immobilization on solid supports. The best results are achieved using amino-functionalized magnetic microparticles: the immobilized enzyme retains its activity, greatly improves its thermostability (4 h at 75 °C), and can be recycled up to 8 times with a set of aromatic ethylamines. After the last reaction cycle, the overall conversion is about 90% for all tested substrates, with an aldehyde production ranging between 100 and 270 mg depending on the substrate used. As a proof concept, one of the aldehydes thus produced was successfully used for the biomimetic synthesis of a non-natural benzylisoquinoline alkaloid.