Effects of Process Conditions on Desalting and Demetalization of Crude Oil

The efficiency of desalting for six crude oils was studied with a SY-1 dynamic simulation experimental installation. The demulsifier DC2 was examined for 1#, 2#, and 4# crude oil and DC4 was used for 3#, 5#, and 6# crude oil. The effects of temperature, electric field gradient, dosage of demulsifier, and washing water on the desalting efficiency of six crude oils were investigated. The results showed that at the optimization process condition after desalting, the desalting efficiency and the salt content of 1# crude oil reached 89.17% and 1.92 mg/L; that of 2# crude oil reached 85.08% and 1.04 mg/L; that of 3# crude oil reached 91.06% and 1.35 mg/L; that of 4# crude oil reached 81.67% and 1.51 mg/L; that of 5# crude oil reached 81.03% and 2.32 mg/L; and that of 6# crude oil reached 86.64% and 2.67 mg/L. Different crude oils have different metal contents. Three assistants, ammonium nitrate (TJ1), nitric acid (TJ3), and polyamine carboxylate (TJ4), were used to improve the efficiencies of desalting and demetalization of six crude oils. TJ4 was more efficient in removing calcium and iron for 1# and 2# crude oil. TJ1 was more efficient in desalting and demetalizing 5# crude oil. The efficiencies for removal of calcium, iron, nickel, and vanadium respectively reached 99.89%, 98.33%, 20.58%, and 43.02%. TJ3 has better efficiency desalting and demetalizing for 6# crude oil. With the concentration of TJ3 increasing from 0 to 80 mg/L, the desalting efficiency increases from 31.22% to 73.54%, and the iron removal efficiency increases from 56.0% to 74.05%.     

Removal of Nickel and Vanadium from Crude Oil by Microwave-Chemical Method. I. Chemical Method

WY series demetalizers, some types of thiocarbamate, were synthesized by organic amine (diethylene triamine and triethylene tetramine), carbon disulfide, and sodium hydroxide and used to remove nickel and vanadium from crude oil. WY-1 demetallizer has excellent removal of nickel and vanadium efficiency for Shengli crude oil and Iran crude oil. The nickel and vanadium removal efficiency of Shengli crude oil reached 43.41 and 41.63% at the dosage of WY-1 500 mg/L, reaction time 30 min, and reaction temperature 70°C. With the dosage of WY-1 and increasing reaction time and reaction temperature, the nickel and vanadium removal efficiency of crude oil increased.     

渣油脱除金属杂质工艺研究

介绍了一种用酯类化合物脱除渣油中金属杂质的工艺及其工业试验情况 ,重点探讨了油水分离条件、药剂量和反应温度对脱除效果的影响。工业试验结果表明 ,使用该工艺可以脱除渣油中的大部分金属元素 ,尤其是较难脱除的镍、钒总脱除率达 70 %以上 ,钙、镁、铁总脱除率达 80 %以上。     

新型原油脱钙剂的应用试验

应用新型高效原油脱钙剂,作脱钙试验,脱钙率达到61％以上,镁脱除率70％以上。新型原油脱钙剂脱钙效果高于传统磷系脱钙剂脱钙效率一倍以上。     

KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF THE DEMETALIZATION OF Mo(V)PORPHYRIN CATALYZED BY VITAMIN C

The kinetics of the reduction and demetalization ofhydroxooxo [5,10,15,20-tetrakis(p-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrinato] molybdenum(V), OMo (V) (OH) TPPS, by ascorbicacid (i. e. Vitamine C,abbr. H_2Asc), have been studied in aqueous so-lutions, I=0. 10(KCl) at 30 or 35℃. The reactions were run underpseudo-first-order conditions with ascorbic acid in at least 30 foldexcess over Mo-porphyrin. Pseudo-first-order rate constants, k_(obsd),obtained by monitoring the appearance of TPPS peak at 413. 3mm.The experimental data give a good fit to d[TPPS]/dt = (k_1+k_2[OH~-]K_3Ka_2[H_2Asc]/(Ka_2+[H~+])) [Mo(V)P] (1)where P rep-resents the porphyrin, the rate constants K_1, K_2, K_3 and Ka_2 are K_1=2. 185×10~(-3),K_2=3. 624×10~(-2),K_3=3. 210,Ka_2=1.29×10~(-12)at 35℃.     

合成多级孔分子筛的研究进展

构建多级孔分子筛是提高分子筛扩散性能的重要手段,是目前催化领域研究的热点之一。多级孔分子筛的合成方法较多,从脱除骨架元素、原位合成和重结晶3个方面综述近年来多级孔分子筛的合成研究。脱除骨架元素主要有蒸汽处理和化学处理;原位合成法主要包括硬模板法和软模板法;重结晶是分子筛晶体经碱溶解后在表面活性剂条件下自组装形成多级孔分子筛,并对多级孔分子筛的发展前景进行展望。     

高酸原油电脱盐存在的问题及对策

对高酸原油电脱盐过程中存在的问题以及解决方案进行了阐述和总结。高酸油加工电脱盐存在的问题主要包括油水乳化严重、脱盐脱水不达标和脱盐电流大等。文章从电脱盐工艺条件、新设备和脱盐药剂等3个方面介绍了解决这些问题的方法。依据高酸原油密度大、酸值高、金属含量高的特点,应强化电脱盐工艺操作条件,适当提高温度、洗涤水注量及混合强度,并严格控制洗涤水pH值;设计原油直接进入电场区域以及脉冲供电电源、超声波辅助脱盐系统等可在一定程度上提高高酸油的脱盐效果;一些助剂如脱金属剂、润湿剂、沥青质分散剂,尤其是脱金属剂的应用能够明显改善油水乳化程度以及提高脱盐脱水率,使原油含水小于0.3%,盐的质量浓度小于2 mg/L。但仍需从高酸油形成乳化液的组成、形态及界面性质方面进行深入研究。     

超声波辅助脱除渣油中的金属杂质

在辽河渣油中加入金属脱除剂,借助超声波的辅助作用,脱除了渣油中金属杂质。考察了脱除剂种类、脱除剂用量、脱除剂的pH、超声波辐射时间、超声波强度和超声波频率对金属脱除率的影响。实验结果表明,在超声波作用下,金属脱除率明显高于未加超声波的金属脱除率;超声波辅助脱除渣油中金属杂质的适宜反应条件为:渣油用量60g、水质量分数(相对于渣油)10%、脱除剂用量2 000μg/g、超声波辐射时间25min、超声波强度10W/cm2、超声波频率28kHz。在此条件下,加入pH为5.0的CNP(草酸氨、氟化氨和磷酸的混合溶液)脱除剂时,Ca的脱除率为85.24%;加入pH为5.5的CNNF(草酸氨、氟化氨、柠檬酸和氟化氢的混合溶液)脱除剂时,Ni脱除率为83.23%。     

Effects of Process Conditions on Desalting and Demetalization of Crude Oil

Abstract

The efficiency of desalting for six crude oils was studied with a SY-1 dynamic simulation experimental installation. The demulsifier DC2 was examined for 1#, 2#, and 4# crude oil and DC4 was used for 3#, 5#, and 6# crude oil. The effects of temperature, electric field gradient, dosage of demulsifier, and washing water on the desalting efficiency of six crude oils were investigated. The results showed that at the optimization process condition after desalting, the desalting efficiency and the salt content of 1# crude oil reached 89.17% and 1.92 mg/L; that of 2# crude oil reached 85.08% and 1.04 mg/L; that of 3# crude oil reached 91.06% and 1.35 mg/L; that of 4# crude oil reached 81.67% and 1.51 mg/L; that of 5# crude oil reached 81.03% and 2.32 mg/L; and that of 6# crude oil reached 86.64% and 2.67 mg/L. Different crude oils have different metal contents. Three assistants, ammonium nitrate (TJ1), nitric acid (TJ3), and polyamine carboxylate (TJ4), were used to improve the efficiencies of desalting and demetalization of six crude oils. TJ4 was more efficient in removing calcium and iron for 1# and 2# crude oil. TJ1 was more efficient in desalting and demetalizing 5# crude oil. The efficiencies for removal of calcium, iron, nickel, and vanadium respectively reached 99.89%, 98.33%, 20.58%, and 43.02%. TJ3 has better efficiency desalting and demetalizing for 6# crude oil. With the concentration of TJ3 increasing from 0 to 80 mg/L, the desalting efficiency increases from 31.22% to 73.54%, and the iron removal efficiency increases from 56.0% to 74.05%.     

重油中金属杂质脱除技术研究进展

重油的开采与加工日益成为石油化工行业关注的焦点,然而其深加工利用受到内部高含量金属的影响。为此,本文介绍了重油中金属的来源、存在形态及其对石油加工利用的危害。综合对比分析了国内外重油脱金属常用的几种方法。膜分离法虽然工艺简单、经济环保,但该技术不成熟,难以满足工业应用;催化加氢法金属脱除率高,但易受氢源及催化剂性能限制,且工业成本较高;化学法易于操作但副反应多且易污染环境;超声波脱金属法节能降耗明显,脱金属率高,但大型的超声装置如何应用于工业生产,尚需进行深入研究;微生物法投资少,适应性强,但难以筛选合适的菌种。总之,由于重油自身的特性,单一的脱金属技术难以获得佳绩,联合脱金属将成为一种发展趋势。