Al2O3对电子玻璃高温黏度及析晶性能的影响

研究了不同含量的Al2O3对电子玻璃高温黏度和析晶性能的影响。结果表明,随着氧化铝含量的增加,电子玻璃的高温黏度、成型温度均降低,但析晶黏度减小,与成型的砖尖黏度差值减小,不利于溢流下拉成型。     

Effect of Aluminum and Neodymium Admixtures on Devitrification of Silica Glasses

This investigation concerned the devitrification kinetics (in the temperature range 1100° to 1500°C) of silica glasses doped with aluminum oxide (0.1 and 1.0 mol%), neodymium oxide (0.08 and 0.25 mol%), and with aluminum and neodymium oxides simultaneously, at their mutual molar ratio close to 4. The glasses were obtained by electric melting of quartz under vacuum and by the sol/gel method. On the basis of the obtained results, conclusions have been drawn concerning the mode in which the admixtures become incorporated into the silica glasses as well as the structural differences between the melted and sol/gel glasses.     

氧化石墨烯对VS55冻融过程结晶行为的影响

借助差示扫描量热仪（DSC）和低温显微系统,研究了升降温速率（5、10、25、50和100℃/min）和氧化石墨烯（GO）浓度(0.01、0.1、1和5 mg/ml)对VS55溶液降温过程结晶和升温过程冰晶再生长的影响。结果表明：（1）随着升降温速率的增加,VS55溶液体系在降温过程中的结晶焓H_f以及升温过程中的再结晶焓H_Td都会减小;（2）对浓度为2.1 mol/L的VS55溶液进行降温时,GO浓度越大,其结晶焓H_f越大,且初始冻结温度显著提高;但对4.2 mol/L VS55降温时,其结晶焓H_f会随着GO浓度增加呈现出先减小后增大的特点;8.4 mol/L VS55已完全玻璃化,GO对其没有影响;（3）在升温过程中,GO浓度越高,VS55浓度越低,其溶液体系内冰晶再生长抑制程度越大,如GO浓度为5 mg /ml时,2.1 mol/L VS55溶液添加GO前后再结晶焓的差值ΔH_Td为14.55 J/g,而4.2 mol/L VS55就显著降低到7.95 J/g,接近8.4 mol/L VS55的6.91 J/g。总体来看,GO对VS55溶液降温过程冰晶生长特点的影响主要取决于VS55浓度和GO浓度,但对复温过程反玻璃化或冰晶再生长特点的影响主要取决于VS55浓度、GO浓度以及升降温速率。     

Electrodeposition of amorphous Ni–P layers,thermal treatment and corrosion behaviour

The investigation reported comprises an experimental study of the thermal and corrosion properties of electrodeposited nickel-phosphorus amorphous alloy layers. The structure of the species was determined by means of X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. Samples with hypo- and hyper-eutectic compositions were synthesised out of modified classical and customised electrolytic solutions on copper substrates. The composition of the samples was determined via energy dispersive spectroscopy. A short review of the development of the composition of existing plating baths for Ni–P electrodeposition has also been presented. Thermal treatment of the samples has been carried out to crystallise the amorphous structure and to compare the thermal and the corrosion properties of the species with both types of structure. Differential thermal measurements were used to examine the thermal effects in the Ni–P samples obtained. The corrosion parameters of initial as-plated and thermally treated binary Ni–P alloy coatings were determined from Tafel plot analysis.     

Self-limited growth of nanocrystals in phosphosilicate melts during cooling

In this Letter, we demonstrate that the spontaneous nanophase-separation can greatly enhance the heterogeneous nucleation in the investigated phosphosilicate melts. The two separated phases are found to be the phosphate-rich phase as the floppy domain and the silicate-rich phases as rigid phase. We found that sodium phosphate nanocrystals form in the phosphate-rich phase during melt cooling. The growth of these nanocrystals are self-limited, i.e., limited by the surrounding silicate-rich phase with higher viscosity, and hence lower ionic diffusion compared to the phosphate-rich phase. Our results show that the substitution of B₂O₃ or Al₂O₃ for partial Na₂O enhances the spontaneous nucleation, although the viscosity of silicate-rich matrix phase is increased by such substitution. This implies that the compositional substitution enhances nanophase separation and thereby lowers the activation energy for non-isothermal crystallization. This work indicates that nanophase separation is crucial for fabrication of transparent glass-ceramics from phosphosilicate melts.     

Leach Rates and Thermal Properties of Lead-Iron Phosphate Glass Waste Forms

Lead-iron phosphate (LIP) glasses loaded with a simulated high-level nuclear waste were studied on their leach rates and thermal properties.

The obtained results showed that the phosphate glass matrix consisting of lead monoxide, phosphorus pentoxide and ferric oxide of 56:35:9w/₀ is able to vitrify the waste, pretreated with formic acid to remove Zr, to about 15 w/₀ at 950°C. The leach rate of the vitrified waste glass was in the order of 10^?7 g/cm².d at 110°C, which is low compared with that of the borosilicate glass waste form. Increasing the phosphorus pentoxide content of the matrix to higher than 35% enabled it to produce the glass form with the waste near 20 w/₀ at 950°C, but this increase rendered the glass waste form more soluble than the former. Thermal properties such as thermal expansion coefficient, critical cooling rate for vitrification and temperatures of glass transition, softening and maximum rate of crystallization were measured and discussed.

Removing Na ions from wastes improves considerably both the leach rate and the thermal stability of the LIP glass waste form.     

玻璃中产生结石的原因分析

分析了玻璃制品中常见的硅质结石产生的原因 ,探讨了判断和区别结石的方法 ,同时提出了防止和减少结石产生应采取的措施     

B2O3-La2O3-Ta2O5-ZrO2系统中新型ZLaF4玻璃的研制

研究了B2O3含量为20%(质量分数)时B2O3-La2O3-Ta2O5-ZrO2和B2O3-La2O3-Nb2O5-ZrO2系统的玻璃形成区域.在此基础上,逐一添加各种改善析晶性能的氧化物,研制出一种高折射率低色散的ZLaF4光学玻璃,并对其熔炼工艺、析晶性能作了一定的探讨,对一些性能进行了测试.     

生物玻璃的烧结与析晶

利用玻璃的烧结收缩,结合差热分析和X射线衍射分析,研究了CaO-SjO_2-P_2O_5系统生物玻璃的烧结和析晶动力学。确定它的烧结机制主要是粘性流动烧结。A玻璃和Ⅰ-2玻璃的烧结活化能分别为540kJ/mol和476kJ/mol。析晶相是磷灰石和硅灰石。A玻璃和Ⅰ-2玻璃的析晶表观活化能分别约为480kJ/mol和390kJ/mol。通过分析烧结温度、Na_2O含量对烧结和析晶的影响,选择了合适的烧结条件,控制烧结和析晶程度,获得了既有足够的自身强度,又有一定的结合强度的多孔玻璃陶瓷。