尿素醇解合成碳酸酯类化合物技术进展

综述了用尿素醇解合成碳酸酯类化合物的技术进展 ,重点介绍尿素醇解合成碳酸二甲酯研究现状以及与其它工艺路线的比较 ,另外也介绍了尿素醇解合成长碳链脂肪族和芳香族类碳酸酯的研究进展。     

Production of phosphoric acid with low content of impurities

The present work is to study the possibility for controlled distribution of the impurities when they are decomposed by sulphuric acid to wet phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum, as well as generating technological conditions for production of clean wet phosphoric acid and its derivatives - phosphoric fertilizers, food phosphates and other phosphoric products.A coefficient of distribution D_A is introduced as a general criterion for elements dispersion. The study includes relationships between the weight ratio sulphuric acid/natural phosphate and D_A; the period of decomposition and D_A; the particle's size content of the natural phosphate and D_A. The obtained experimental data and relationships about the influence of the above discussed technological parameters on dispersion of more than 23 elements allow for control of that process in wet phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum by selecting specific technological conditions. Thus, depending on the requirements of acid's consumers and procedures for secondary processing of phosphogypsum to end-products, a selective decomposition of the natural phosphates to phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum can be carried out with content of the impurities in those products varying in narrow limits.     

磷酸二苯酯催化的2-吲哚甲烷胺衍生物的合成

以磷酸二苯酯为催化剂,3-甲基吲哚类化合物与亚胺通过Friedel-Crafts加成反应一步合成了具有广泛药理活性的2-吲哚基甲烷胺类化合物,对反应条件进行优化。结果表明,当n(3-甲基吲哚类)∶n(亚胺)∶n(磷酸二苯酯)=1.0∶2.0∶0.1,其中,磷酸二苯酯0.0025 mmol,1 mL无水二氯甲烷作溶剂,室温下反应0.5 h时,即可得到高收率2-吲哚基甲烷胺类衍生物（85%~90%）。产物经 1HNMR、13CNMR 和 HRMS 进行了结构确定。     

烷基二苯醚的合成

分别以烷基化剂溴代十二烷、溴代十四烷、溴代十六烷与二苯醚反应，制得系列烷基二苯醚产品。通过正相高效液相色谱法监测烷基系二苯醚曲合成，优化其合成工艺。色谱条件为：色谱柱，C18 kromasil（5μm，250×4．6mm）；流动相，体积比V正己烷：V异丙醇=18：1；流速，1mL/min。最佳合成工艺为：各反应物的摩尔比n二苯醚：n催化剂：n澳代烷=1：2：5；反应温度为75℃。反应时间为6h。双十二烷基二苯醚、双十四烷基二苯醚、双十六烷基二苯醚的产率分别为79．62％、72．38％、66．83％。     

微波固化环氧树脂／氨基二苯醚树脂的耐热性能研究

以二苯醚树脂(DPO)为原料，合成了一类新型耐高温树脂一氨基二苯醚树脂(ANDPO)，用作双酚A环氧树脂(EP)的固化剂，以提高环氧树脂的耐热性。采用微波技术固化EP／ANDPO体系。通过FTIR定量研究了EP／ANDPO体系的反应程度，利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热重分析法(TG)研究了固化体系的耐热性能，并与热固化进行了比较。结果表明：微波固化显著提高了体系的固化速度和热性能。体系转化率为95％时，400W的微波只需10min即可完成固化，而热固化需要在150℃固化240min。微波固化产物的Tg、表观分解温度TA、温度指数Tzg分别为172．6℃、322℃和200℃。而热固化产品的Tg、TA、Tzg分别为163．5℃、306℃和189℃。两种固化方式所得产品的TA、Tzg均高于目前所用的芳香族胺类固化剂，显著提高了环氧树脂的耐热性能。     

Summary of research on soil testing for rock phosphate fertilizers in Western Australia

The relationship between plant yield and values of soils tests for phosphorus (P) was studied in long-term field experiments in south-western Australia for soil previously fertilized with rock phosphate and superphosphate. The rock phosphates studied were: Queensland (Duchess) apatite rock phosphate; reactive apatite rock phosphate from North Carolina; and rock phosphate from Christmas Island (as either C-grade ore or Calciphos). The P fertilizers were applied once only at the start of each experiment, and in subsequent years, soil samples were collected in January-March to measure soil test values. These were compared with plant yields measured later on in that year. The Colwell alkaline bicarbonate soil test was used in all years in all experiments. Olsen, Bray, lactate and Troug tests were used in some years in some experiments. For all soil tests the relationships between yield and soil test values was generally different for rock phosphate and superphosphate. For a given source of P, none of the different soil test reagents was significantly superior for predicting plant yields. The relationship between yield and soil test value was also generally different for different plant species. At one site cultivation was included as a treatment and the relationship varied depending on the cultivation treatment of the topsoil before sowing oats (Avena sativa). The relationship between yield and soil test also differed between years.     

莫来石纤维多孔陶瓷的制备与性能

对纤维多孔陶瓷的制备及性能进行了研究。在制备纤维多孔陶瓷时,采用酸性磷酸铝A23(P/Al原子比为2 3)作粘结剂,所制备的多孔陶瓷在各方面都具有优良的性能。如导热系数λ(22℃)为0.0529W/m.℃、热膨胀系数α为4.75×10-6/℃、孔隙率为96.22%、容重为0.1142 g/cm3等。在环保、节能领域具有广泛的应用前景和重要的社会及经济意义。     

碳酸二苯酯的合成工艺新进展

碳酸二苯酯是合成聚碳酸酯的重要原料,具有广泛的用途和应用前景.其合成方法主要有酯交换法、尿素法和二硫化碳法等.本文介绍了国内外碳酸二苯酯的现有生产技术及合成路线,综述了国内外的最新进展,并对今后的发展趋势作了展望.     

钯负载锰氧化物基双金属复合氧化物催化氧化羰基化合成碳酸二苯酯

采用共沉淀法分别制备锰掺杂钨、钒、铋3种双金属复合氧化物载体,以氯化钯为活性组分制备负载型催化剂,并用于苯酚氧化羰基化合成碳酸二苯酯（DPC）。通过气相色谱（GC）、X射线衍射（XRD）、氢气程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等表征手段,对催化剂结构和性能进行表征。结果表明:钨-锰载体随掺杂比例和焙烧温度升高,逐步形成四氧化三锰晶粒,同时钨渗入锰氧化物晶格中,在掺杂比（物质的量比）为1:1、焙烧温度为600 ℃条件下制备的催化剂性能最佳,DPC收率为5.20%;钒-锰载体在焙烧温度为400 ℃、掺杂比为1:5条件下形成二氧化锰晶相,催化剂性能明显提高,DPC收率为10.46%,而较高的焙烧温度会破坏晶型的完整;铋-锰载体在掺杂比为1:5、焙烧温度为400 ℃条件下制备的催化剂催化效果最好,DPC单程收率可达到13.13%。     

二苯胍合成技术进展

介绍了二苯胍合成技术的国内外进展，着重介绍了氧化铅氧化工艺、以氯化氰为原料的工艺及氧气催化氧化法新工艺。指出氧气催化氧化法新工艺生产成本低、污染少、产品质量好。