Electrosynthesis and impedance studies on zinc selenide

Electrochemical impedance measurements have been used to characterize zinc selenide films prepared by electrochemical co-deposition at a platinum rotating disk electrode. Estimations of capacitance and polarization resistance of variously prepared electrodeposits have been carried out to determine charge carrier density and corrosion rates.     

Electrolytic cell engineering and device optimization for electrosynthesis of e-biofuels via co-valorisation of bio-feedstocks and captured CO2

Utilizing CO₂ in an electro-chemical process and synthesizing value-added chemicals are amongst the few viable and scalable pathways in carbon capture and utilization technologies.CO₂ electro-reduction is also counted as one of the main options entailing less fossil fuel consumption and as a future electrical energy storage strategy.The current study aims at developing a new electrochemical platform to produce low-carbon e-biofuel through multifunctional electrosynthesis and integrated co-valorisation of biomass feedstocks with captured CO₂.In this approach,CO₂ is reduced at the cathode to produce drop-in fuels(e.g.,methanol)while value-added chemicals(e.g.,selective oxidation of alcohols,aldehydes,carboxylic acids and amines/amides)are produced at the anode.In this work,a numerical model of a continuous-flow design considering various anodic and cathodic reactions was built to determine the most techno-economically feasible configurations from the aspects of energy efficiency,environment impact and economical values.The reactor design was then optimized via parametric analysis.     

尿囊素的合成研究

提出了一种合成尿囊素的新方法。以乙二醛为原料 ,采用杂多酸—磷钨酸做催化剂 ,先用过氧化氢做氧化剂氧化制得乙醛酸 ,再与尿素直接缩合生成尿囊素 ,总收率可达 5 8.6%。研究了氧化反应温度、催化剂用量对尿囊素产率的影响。确定了最佳工艺条件 :( 1) 40 %乙二醛水溶液 72 .4g ,3 0 %过氧化氢水溶液 62 .3g ,磷钨酸 0 .2 5 g ,在 5± 2℃下 ,搅拌反应 5～ 6h ;( 2 )尿素 96g ,在75～ 80℃之间 ,搅拌反应 2h。     

氧气法合成乙醛酸的中试研究

中试结果表明 ,在复合催化剂作用下 ,用低压氧气氧化乙二醛水溶液 ,可成功合成乙醛酸。电位滴定跟踪反应过程 ,可满意监控乙二醛反应程度。此反应乙二醛转化率 99% ,乙醛酸收率(以乙二醛为基准 ) 94 %。优化工艺为 :介质 pH <1,釜内氧气、水气等混合气体总压 0 12～ 0 13MPa ,w(乙二醛 ) =15 5 6 % ,反应温度 4 5～ 6 0℃ ,时间 4h。     

Electrosynthèse des ions peroxodiphosphate sous potentiel constant ou pulsé

Electrosynthesis of peroxodiphosphate ions (P2O84–) was performed in 2m K3PO4, 1m K2HPO4 medium, using a platinum anode. The results showed that under conditions of potentiostatic polarization at constant potential, the reaction rate reaches a maximum value of 125mAcm–2 and a faradaic yield of 30%. From about 1.9V, the reaction kinetics are increasingly inhibited as the potential shifts positively. Rapid scanning potential voltammetry was used to characterize the oxidation state of the electrode surface. This method shows that the growth of (PtO) and (PtO2 or PtO3) oxides depend on the applied potential. It also establishes a correlation between the inhibition of P2O84– ion electrosynthesis and the oxide coating surface. When 2×10–3m KSCN is added to the solution, some oxygen evolution sites are selectively blocked and oxide occurs at more positive potential values. Consequently, the rate of peroxodiphosphate ion formation and the faradaic efficiency are increased to 380mAcm–2 and 75%, respectively. Under pulsed potential conditions it was possible to reach 1200mAcm–2 for P2O84– ion electrosynthesis with a faradaic yield of 82%.     

Electrochemical ferrate generation for waste water treatment using cast irons with high silicon contents

This paper deals with the electrochemical preparation of ferrate in 15 M NaOH media, with a view to treatment of waste waters. Grey cast irons with high silicon contents were shown to allow current yields in the range 20–40% depending on the applied current density, up to 34 mA cm^–2. Ferrate solutions with contents up to 0.08 M could be produced in a divided cell of simple design, and provided with flat or packed-bed electrodes. Deactivation of the anode surface was shown to be of moderate significance for hour-long runs. The ferrate produced was tested for treatment of industrial liquid wastes: coagulation efficiency of the suspended matter was comparable with that of an electrocoagulation process with sacrificial Al anodes. The potential of waste water treatment by addition of ferrate is discussed.     

Lignin‐based polycondensation resins for wood adhesives

Lignin‐based wood adhesives are obtained that satisfy the requirements of relevant international standards for the manufacture of exterior‐grade wood particleboard. Formulations based on low molecular mass lignin and presenting an increase in the relative proportion of reactive points yield better results than the higher molecular mass lignin used in the past. These lignins allow a higher proportion of hydroxymethylation during preparation of methylolated lignins. These lignin‐based adhesives also yield acceptable results at particleboard pressing times that are sufficiently low to be of industrial significance. Lignin‐based wood adhesives, in which a nonvolatile nontoxic aldehyde (glyoxal) is substituted for formaldehyde in their preparation, are prepared and tested for application to wood panels such as particleboard. The adhesives yield good internal bond strength results for the panels, which are good enough to comfortably pass relevant international standard specifications for exterior‐grade panels. The adhesives also show sufficient reactivity to yield panels in press times comparable to that of formaldehyde‐based commercial adhesives. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1690–1699, 2007     

MES捕获CO2及高效催化转化研究进展

微生物电合成(Microbial electrosynthesis，MES)为二氧化碳还原为乙酸盐和其他多碳物提供了一条可持续的生化转化途径，利用电能驱动微生物固定CO2具有原料容易、操作条件温和、不含有毒物质、环境可持续性等特点，为全球碳中和、碳减排带来了新机遇。在研究人员对提高产率、转化效率、碳链延长方面的深入研究下，基于对电极材料的选择、修饰，菌群的驯化，操作条件的限制，乙酸最高产率达1330g/(m2?d)，催化转化C1废气并耦合二次发酵生产了C2-C4产物以及具有更长碳链的中链脂肪酸。在概述阴极电活性微生物吸收胞外电子的分子机制捕获和转化CO2的基础上，综述了合成有机酸的代谢原理、二维和三维等电极材料使用现状以及提高产物产率、产物及碳链延长的方法，并对未来MES的研究方向做出了展望。     

直接和间接电合成制备出的高铁酸钾的物理和电化学性能

K2FeO4 powders were synthesized by the ex-situ and in-situ electrochemical methods, respectively, and characterized by infrared spectrum （IR）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） and BET. Their electrochemical performances were investigated by means of galvanostatic discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）. The results of physical characterization showed that the two samples have simi- lar structural features, but their surface morphologies and oriented growth of the crystals are different, which results in smaller specific surface area and lower solubility of the ex-situ electrosynthesized K2FeO4 sample. The results of discharge experiments indicated that the ex-situ electrosythesized K2FeO4 electrode has much larger discharge capacity and lower electrode polarization than the in-situ electrosynthesized K2FeO4 electrode. It was found from the results of EIS that lower electrochemical polarization might be responsible for the improvement on the discharge performance of the ex-situ electrosynthesized K2FeO4 electrode.     

超临界流体技术在有机电合成中应用可能性探讨

阐述了超临界流体技术与有机电合成的优势和不足，探讨了在有机电合成中应用超临界技术的可能性，并指出其应用前景。