马来酸酐在乙丙橡胶上的接枝共聚

马来酸酐在乙丙橡胶上的接枝共聚,用过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂的效果优于偶氮二异丁腈。研究了温度、马来酸酐用量和引发剂用量等对接枝率的影响。用红外光谱和薄层色谱证明了接枝物的存在。用接触角技术测定了接枝物的表面性能。     

The radiation crosslinking and scission of ethylene-propylene copolymers studied by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance

Methyl groups from chain scission and H-crosslinks have been identified by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance in amorphous ethylene-propylene copolymers containing 23 and 36 mole % propylene after γ-irradiation to 10 MGy at 30°C. G (scission) and G (crosslink) values determined from the n.m.r. spectra and by extraction are in agreement, which suggests that the crosslinks are not clustered. This may differ from the situation in polyethylene where there is a substantial crystalline content. G(S). G(X) and the ratio G(S)/G(X) increase with increasing propylene content of the copolymers.     

Polymer-Modified Bitumen Using Ethylene Terpolymers

Polymer modified bitumen (PMB) is used in various construction applications, especially in motorways. The aim of this study is to improve features of 60/70 penetration grade, modified bitumen used on highways. Increasing the sensitivity to temperature and oxidation resistance are very important points for the modified bitumen. This condition was provided by reacting the carboxylic acid groups in asphaltene with the reactive ethylene terpolymer to form ester. Reactive ethylene terpolymer (RETP) and ethylene terpolymer (ETP) manufactured by DuPont USA were used as additives in this study. Infrared Spectrophotometer (IR) graphics and optical pictures of the modified bitumen have been examined. It has been observed that the softening point has increased on the other hand, the penetration and ductility values have decreased according to the test results.     

Surface tailoring of an ethylene propylene diene elastomeric terpolymer via plasma‐polymerized coating of tetramethyldisiloxane

In the research presented here, we explore the use of a low‐energy plasma to deposit thin silicone polymer films using tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) (H(CH₃)₂? Si? O? Si? (CH₃)₂H) on the surface of an ethylene propylene diene elastomeric terpolymer (EPDM) in order to enhance the surface hydrophobicity, lower the surface energy and improve the degradation/wear characteristics. The processing conditions were varied over a wide range of treatment times and discharge powers to control the physical characteristics, thickness, morphology and chemical structure of the plasma polymer films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that pore‐free homogeneous plasma polymer thin films of granular microstructure composed of small grains are formed and that the morphology of the granular structure depends on the plasma processing conditions, such as plasma power and time of deposition. The thicknesses of the coatings were determined using SEM, which confirmed that the thicknesses of the deposited plasma‐polymer films could be precisely controlled by the plasma parameters. The kinetics of plasma‐polymer film deposition were also evaluated. Contact angle measurements of different solvent droplets on the coatings were used to calculate the surface energies of the coatings. These coatings appeared to be hydrophobic and had low surface energies. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and photoacoustic Fourier‐transform infrared (PA‐FT‐IR) spectroscopy were used to investigate the detailed chemical structures of the deposited films. The optimum plasma processing conditions to achieve the desired thin plasma polymer coatings are discussed in the light of the chemistry that takes place at the interfaces. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

含活性硅氧烷型大分子改性剂BA-MMA-VTES的合成与表征

针对弱极性天然/丁苯橡胶复合体系,从分子设计的角度出发,选择乙烯基三乙氧基硅氧烷(VTES)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为单体,通过自由基溶液聚合并优化了反应条件:在85℃和115℃分别加入两种不同量的引发剂BPO和DCP,均保温反应2h,合成了三元共聚物BA-MMA-VTES大分子表面改性剂,用于纳米碳化硅、氮化硅陶瓷粉体的表面改性。采用FTIR、NMR、GPC、DSC、TGA等对所合成的三元共聚物的结构、性质和数均相对分子质量进行了分析和表征。通过FTIR、NMR测试结果,证实了BA-MMA-VTES三元共聚物的结构;通过GPC测试,证明BA-MMA-VTES三元共聚物的数均相对分子质量控制在3000～10000;DSC显示合成的大分子只有一个Tg,在3.3℃左右,表明它是无规共聚物,柔性适中;TGA显示三元共聚物主要热分解区间在280～500℃,热稳定性良好。     

国外乙丙橡胶生产技术态势及经济评估

对国外乙丙橡胶生产概况，技术特点及发作了简述，并对ＥＰＲ的溶液法，悬浮法，简化悬浮法和气相法等４种生产方法作了技术经济评估。     

动态三螺杆挤出机制备热塑性硫化胶的研究

对比分析了动态热塑性硫化胶(TPV)的加工设备,着重介绍了附加振动力场的三螺杆反应挤出机的结构特点以及利用该机进行三元乙丙橡胶/聚丙烯(EPDM/PP)的动态全硫化,对制品的物理力学性能和微观结构分别进行了测试分析和电镜扫描。结果表明,振动力场作用下EPDM/PP共混体系反应挤出动态硫化加工可有效地实现动态硫化反应、硫化橡胶的粉碎和分散以及相态反转,振动力场的作用明显提高了TPV性能。     

Blends of ethylene–methyl acrylate–acrylic acid terpolymers with ethylene–acrylic acid copolymers: Mechanical and thermomechanical properties

The effect of methyl acrylate content in ethylene–methyl acrylate–acrylic acid (E–MA–AA) terpolymers and acrylic acid content in ethylene–acrylic acid (E–AA) copolymers was investigated in blends of these two materials. The E–MA–AA terpolymer with 8 mol % methyl acrylate was not miscible with any E–AA material no matter what the AA content, whereas the terpolymer with only about 2 mol % methyl acrylate was miscible, at least to some extent, with the E–AA copolymer at high acrylic acid contents. Evidence supporting this conclusion derived from gloss, differential scanning calorimetry testing, and dynamic mechanical measurements. For the E–AA polymer material with the highest acid content, there was a synergistic effect for some properties at low added amounts of E–MA–AA copolymer; the tensile strength and hardness were 10% higher than values for the E–AA copolymer, even though the E–AA copolymer was much stiffer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2216–2222, 2004     

Crystallization,morphology, structure and thermal behaviour of nylon-6/rubber blends

An experimental study was carried out in order to investigate the morphological, kinetic, structural and thermodynamic properties of nylon-6/rubber (namely ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPM) and ethylene-propylene copolymer functionalized by inserting along its backbone succinic anhydride groups (EPM-g-SA)) blends. The morphology and the overall kinetics of crystallization of the blends strongly depend on the type of copolymer added to nylon and on the blend composition. The EPM-g-SA acts as a nucleating agent for the Ny spherulites and at the same time causes a drastic depression of the overall kinetic rate constant. This decrease is related to the increase of the melt viscosity observed in Ny/EPM-g-SA blends. The crystalline lamella thickness of the Ny phase in the blends is lower than that of pure Ny crystallized at the same T_c suggesting that the presence in the melt of an elastomeric phase disturbs the growth of the Ny crystals. The rubber does not influence the thermal behaviour of the nylon. The results found lead to the conclusion that in the melt nylon-6 is incompatible with both EPM and EPM-g-SA copolymers.     

Effects of ultrasonic oscillation on processing behaviors of PS,EPDM, and PS/EPDM blend

In this study, the extrusion processing behaviors of polystyrene (PS), ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (EPDM), and their blend (PS/EPDM, 80/20) were studied by using a special ultrasonic oscillation extrusion system developed in our laboratory. The die pressure and volume flow rate were measured at different ultrasonic intensities and screw rotation speeds. The dependences on ultrasonic intensity of die pressure, volume flow rate, and apparent viscosity of polymers, as well as die swell at the same screw rotation speed were investigated. The effects of screw rotation speed on the processing behaviors of polymers and their blend at the same ultrasonic intensity were also studied. The experimental results showed that in the presence of ultrasonic irradiation, the processibilities of polymers and their blend were improved. Their possible mechanism is discussed in this article. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1856–1863, 2006