二氧化碳跨临界系统参数间相互关系的热力学第二定律的分析与研究

本文利用热力学第二定律（Yong） 的(exergy)分析法，对二氧化碳跨临界制冷循环系统进行了仿真和分析，分析显示：炯效率随着放热压力的变化而变化，其最大值出现在最优放热压力处，同时，本文还就气体冷却器口温度、蒸发温度及蒸汽过热度对系统Yong效率的影响进行了仿真和分析。     

The impact of roasting on the ochratoxin A content of coffee

Roasting coffee led to a drop in the ochratoxin A (OTA) concentration, as measured by the reference method, especially for dark type roasts. The way the beverage was prepared also affected the OTA content, which could paradoxically be higher than that of the initial roasted coffee. Assays on the thermal stability of pure OTA showed that it ought to be found in larger quantities in roasted coffee. This suggested that OTA was masked by reactions with the substrate during roasting. The absence of OTA in green coffee is therefore the best guarantee of safety.     

Ruins and Revival: Paris in the Aftermath of the Second World War

Although many devastated European cities have been studied, the bombing and reconstruction of key industrial sites and certain suburban residential zones in greater Paris have received little scholarly attention. Using archival sources, this article explores both destruction and reconstruction, and traces how homeless families shared apartments or endured years of 'temporary' accommodation in huts and other shelters. Post-war economic planning in France privileged the restoration of industrial and commercial sites; rebuilding of housing by the state, by housing co-operatives and by individual property owners received less support and progressed far more slowly. Today, the visual legacy of reconstruction is easily confused with that of completely new post-war apartments; however its origin, if not its architecture, is distinctively different and merits recognition in its own right.     

Thermodynamic analysis of solar photovoltaic cell systems

The thermodynamic characteristics of solar photovoltaic (PV) cells are investigated from a perspective based on exergy. A new efficiency is developed that is useful in studying PV performance and possible improvements. Exergy analysis is applied to a PV system and its components, and exergy flows, losses and efficiencies are evaluated. Energy efficiency is seen to vary between 7% and 12% during the day. In contrast, exergy efficiencies, which incorporate the second law of thermodynamics and account for solar irradiation exergy values, are lower for electricity generation using the considered PV system, ranging from 2% to 8%. Values of “fill factors” are determined for the system and observed to be similar to values of exergy efficiency.     

冷却排管的节能设计

从节能的观点出发，根据热力学原理和传递过程的理论，对冷却排管内湍流传热过程进行分析，研究损失随雷诺数的变化规律，探讨冷却排管的节能设计问题。     

Assessment of the energy and exergy utilization efficiencies in the Turkish agricultural sector

This study deals with evaluating the energy and exergy utilization efficiencies in the Turkish agricultural sector over a 12‐year period from 1990 to 2001. In the energy and exergy analyses, two main energy sources, namely fuels and electricity, are taken into consideration, while the sectoral energy and exergy efficiencies are compared for this period. These main energy sources include diesel for tractors and other vehicles, and electricity for pumps. Overall energy utilization efficiencies are obtained to vary between 29.1 and 41.1%, while overall exergy utilization efficiencies are found to range from 27.9 to 37.4% in the analysed years, respectively. It may be concluded that the present technique proposed here may be used as a useful tool in analysing and evaluating the energy and exergy utilization efficiencies, identifying energy efficiency and/or energy conservation opportunities and dictating the energy strategies of countries. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Exergy losses in refrigerating systems. A study for performance comparisons in compressor and condenser

A study is carried out to describe irreversibilities in one stage refrigerating process for vapour compression cycle with refrigerant mixtures R-404A, R-410A, R-410B and R-507 as working fluids. They are calculated as exergy losses by an algorithm developed on the basis of thermodynamics. The proposed relationships have been derived from exergy balances on the system components. Emphasis is placed on parameters influencing the losses and the related results are presented through Grassmann diagrams (diagrams of exergy fluxes). Furthermore, detailed information on the variation of cycle's exergy efficiency with evaporating and condensing temperatures is given. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

激光对CCD器件破坏时几种阈值的测量

本文简要回顾了近十年来激光CVD(LCVD)技术的发展概况及其在金属、电介质和半导体薄膜生长方面的应用情况。阐明了这种新发展起来的成膜技术不仅因其生长的低温化能够给器件带来优良的电学特性,同时也可利用其高精度的膜厚控制特性获得新结构的材料和器件。作者还对该技术的广泛的应用前景予以展望和肯定。     

乙烯装置制冷系统的用能分析

通过对制冷压缩机功耗的模拟和对实际运行数据的分析,比较了乙烯装置中的复迭多级制冷系统和混合冷剂制冷系统的用能状况,分析了混合冷剂制冷的优点和不足。采用AspenPlus10.2软件模拟的结果表明,采用混合冷剂制冷技术的丙烯-混合冷剂复迭制冷系统比传统的丙烯-乙烯复迭制冷系统节省功耗4.3GJ/h,制冷压缩机损系数则从47.6%减小到43.3%,而系统效率由25.0%提高到26.6%。虽混合冷剂在换热过程中出现的气液两相流,会在一定程度上抵消其在热力学效率上的优势,但混合制冷技术用于乙烯装置仍可降低能耗、提高热力学效率。     

柴油机废烟气驱动的热管LiBr制冷机的分析

工业过程中的废热排放造成了可用能的损失 ,又造成热污染和环境污染。针对一种利用热管回收废热的LiBr制冷机 ,采用柴油机烟气废热制冷实测后 ,对该系统的实测结果进行了火用分析 ,分析结果表明了这种新型废热LiBr制冷机有效利用了柴油机烟气余热 ,提高了系统的火用效率