苏北盆地管镇次凹陷阜四段低熟烃源岩生烃史与排烃史模拟

苏北盆地管镇次凹陷阜四段烃源岩属低熟烃源岩（Ｒ０≤０．７％）。在重建该套烃源岩埋藏史和地热史并应用其干酪根Ｃ／Ｓ原子比确定其有机质化学动力学类型和相应的化学动力学参数的基础上，对该套烃源岩的生烃史和排烃史进行了模拟。结果表明，阜四段烃源岩分别在始新世中晚期和渐新世早期进入了生烃期和排烃期。综合地质、油源地球化学资料的研究表明，阜四段低熟烃源岩含油气系统为一个未完成的、目前仍处于持续阶段的含油气系统。该含油气系统的原油具有低熟油的特征。阜四段烃源岩的低成熟和低含油饱和度，且进入排烃期后未经进一步的压实作用，导致该套烃源岩的排烃效率较低，进而造成该含油气系统的油源不足。此外，该区主要断层（管镇断裂）对油气运移起隔挡作用，油气二次运移的距离短，因此，该含油气系统受管镇断裂的控制，其区域展布局限在管镇断裂靠油源的东南一侧。     

汽车变速器注排油装置的设计

在变速器放油口处依次完成注油和排油,同时完成对润滑油的检测,简化工艺过程,从而缩短了变速器交检周期.     

应用排烃强度预测深陷期砂砾岩扇体的含油性

深陷期的砂砾岩扇体岩性油气藏是含气盆地勘探中后期油气勘探的重要目标,其含油性主要取决于有效烃源岩的排烃强度、砂体的储集性能、油气排驱动力等要素及其相互作用的结果。对东营凹陷已钻探的深陷期砂砾岩扇体进行研究发现,扇体的油气充满度与排烃强度密切相关;在油源充足的情况下,其成藏效果则主要受储集物性的影响。指出砂体的驱替效率指数>15%、且位于排烃强度>20×104t/km2内的砂砾岩扇体易于形成充满度较高的油气藏,而厚度<2m、孔隙度<12%的砂体则不利于成藏。该方法已成功地应用于东营凹陷深陷期砂砾岩扇体的油气勘探实践,并取得了较好的效果,它对陆相断陷盆地深陷期岩性油藏的勘探具有重要的指导意义。      

成烃成藏理论新思维

油气的生成、运移、聚集和散失,是在盆地形成、发展直至萎缩的石油地质演化过程中,各种沉积物经历了一系列物理、化学变化共同作用后的产物。烃源岩的初次运移过程,应当是在卸载减压物理场条件的诱发作用下,先产生烃源岩"破裂排烃",然后是"排烃压实",最终才导致"压实排烃"。区域概念上就可以把石油聚集量理解为石油排出量。盆地全面萎缩发展阶段是盆地油气藏的最终完善定型期。     

降解性聚乙烯避蚜地膜的研制与应用

根据蚜虫对银灰色光有强烈的反趋向习性,对降解性聚乙烯避蚜地膜进行了研究和应用试验。以铝粉为吸则光介质做成银灰母为,与基础树脂ＬＬＤＰＥ混合、挤出吹塑做成降解聚乙烯避蚜地膜,铝粉含量为１．８％～３．０％。大田应用证明：降解性聚乙烯避蚜地膜具有降解、强化作物光合作用等性能。当银灰色光反射率达３０％以上时,所制薄膜具有增产作物、驱避蚜虫、防治病毒害、抑制杂草生长等效。     

Extraction and characterization ofDimorphotheca pluvialis seed oil

Dimorphotheca pluvialis is increasingly recognized as an interesting industrial new oilseed crop because it contains up to 60% of the unusual fatty acid dimorphecolic acid (9-hydroxy,10t,12t-18∶2) (DA) for which new applications are being developed. In this paper, the yield, composition and quality are evaluated for dimorphotheca oils (DMO) which were recovered by pressing, conventional solvent extraction and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCE). Mechanical pressing of the seeds required high temperatures and resulted in an oil recovery of only 40%, whereas the extraction protocols yielded more than 95%. Oil recovery by pressing of winged seed was even more difficult than that of unwinged seeds; hence, solvent extraction of winged seeds was preferred. The dark-colored DMO, recovered by expelling or by extraction with organic solvents, needed further refining to remove pigments and gums, whereas the light yellow-colored SCE DMO did not require further refining. SCE oil had a low phospholipid content (11 mg P/kg). Pressed oil (95 mg P/kg) and hexaneor pentane-extracted DMO (200 mgP/kg) had much higher phospholipid contents. Peroxide andp-anisidine values were low for freshly recovered oils, but increased after storage, especially in the SCE oil, due to the low concentration of natural antioxidants in SCE DMO, such as tocopherols. The DA content of the oils recovered by the various techniques showed only minor differences, except that supercritical carbon dioxide had slightly decreased solubilizing power for tri- and di-dimorphecolin as compared to hexane and pentane.     

Enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment for mechanical expelling of soybeans

Mechanical expelling of soybeans with enzymatic hydrolysis as pretreatment was investigated, and the process parameters were optimized by means of response surface methodology. Enzyme pretreatment enhanced both the amount of extractable oil in soybeans and oil extractability. A second-order response surface model was developed to predict the expelled oil as a function of the six process parameters investigated. The optimum was found at: Moisture content during hydrolysis, 23.00% wet basis (w.b.); enzyme concentration, 11.84% vol/wt; incubation period, 13.24 h; moisture content during pressing, 9.36% w.b.; pressing pressure, 75 MPa; and pressing time, 5.36 min. The parameters had no interactive effects on expelled oil. Pressing pressures above 75 MPa caused extrusion. Under the optimal conditions, oil expelled from dehulled cracked soybeans by static pressing at room temperature (18°C) was 63.5% of the total extractable oil. Much higher oil recovery would be expected in actual screw expellers due to dynamic pressing and higher operating temperature. Oil recovery could be further increased by adding one or more conventional pretreatments to the enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment investigated in this study.     

挤压膨化预处理工艺的理论与实践

挤压膨化是一种先进的油料预处理工艺。结合理论分析和实践总结 ,将大豆和菜籽加工中的各个环节的操作要点、注意事项介绍给大家。     

柴西地区古近系—新近系盐湖相烃源岩特征及生烃模式

为进一步了解柴西地区古近系—新近系盐湖相烃源岩特征及其生烃模式,选取柴西地区下干柴沟组、上干柴沟组以及上油砂山组泥质烃源岩样品进行了岩石热解、可溶组分分析以及生排烃模拟等实验研究。通过实验结果分析认为,所选样品有机质属于低熟—未成熟阶段,均显示出较好的生烃能力;氯仿沥青"A"、适度的含盐量和碳酸盐含量与累积液态烃产量之间均表现出一定的正相关性。柴西地区古近系—新近系盐湖相烃源岩的成烃高峰与传统模式相比明显提前,该结果明确了柴西地区古近系—新近系盐湖相烃源岩的生烃模式,对于指导柴西地区的油气勘探具有重要作用。     

桃山选煤厂原煤准备车间选矸工艺改造

针对桃山选煤厂选择性破碎机排矸效率低的问题,对原煤准备工艺各排矸方案进行分析对比;依据桃山选煤厂原煤的特点,提出适合该厂原煤排矸的最佳工艺。利用动筛跳汰机排矸,每年可为该厂创收2200万元左右。