黄烷酮衍生物的合成及杀菌活性

以取代苯甲醛为起始原料 ,经过肉桂酸衍生物合成了 7个黄烷酮衍生物 ,它们的结构分别经IR和1 H NMR确证。通过生物测试表明 ,部分化合物具有较好的杀菌活性     

桑寄生中总黄酮的含量测定及抗氧化活性研究

建立桂花树桑寄生中总黄酮的紫外分光光度测定方法;用清除DPPH自由基的能力来评价桑寄生中总黄酮的抗氧化活性。总黄酮浓度在0.004 mg/mL~0.02 mg/mL范围内,吸光度与浓度呈具有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 5)。桂花树桑寄生中总黄酮含量为14.18 mg/g,平均加标回收率为101.2%,同一批样品5次测定值的RSD为2.07%~2.25%之间;抑制DPPH自由基的能力IC50是32.31μg/mL。该方法简便、快捷、准确、重现性好,可作为检测桂花树桑寄生中总黄酮含量的一种好方法;结果表明,桂花树桑寄生总黄酮具有一定的抗氧化活性。     

Molecular Characterisation of Flavanone O-methylation in Eucalyptus

Flavonoids are ubiquitous polyphenolic compounds in plants, long recognised for their health-promoting properties in humans. Methylated flavonoids have received increasing attention due to the potential of methylation to enhance medicinal efficacy. Recently, Eucalyptus species with high levels of the O-methylated flavanone pinostrobin have been identified. Pinostrobin has potential commercial value due to its numerous pharmacological and functional food benefits. Little is known about the identity or mode of action of the enzymes involved in methylating flavanones. This study aimed to identify and characterise the methyltransferase(s) involved in the regiospecific methylation of pinostrobin in Eucalyptus and thereby add to our limited understanding of flavanone biosynthesis in plants. RNA-seq analysis of leaf tips enabled the isolation of a gene encoding a flavanone 7-O-methyltransferase (EnOMT1) in Eucalyptus. Biochemical characterisation of its in vitro activity revealed a range of substrates upon which EnOMT1 acts in a regiospecific manner. Comparison to a homologous sequence from a Eucalyptus species lacking O-methylated flavonoids identified critical catalytic amino acid residues within EnOMT1 responsible for its activity. This detailed molecular characterisation identified a methyltransferase responsible for chemical ornamentation of the core flavanone structure of pinocembrin and helps shed light on the mechanism of flavanone biosynthesis in Eucalyptus.     

氮磷钾互作效应对甘草黄酮含量影响的初步研究

研究结果表明,宁夏红寺堡扬黄新灌区沙壤灰钙土氮、磷、钾对甘草总黄酮含量影响大小为:施磷(负效应)大于施氮(正效应)大于施钾(负效应);因子互作效应对甘草总黄酮含量影响大小顺序为P×K>N×P>N×K;红寺堡扬黄新灌区沙壤灰钙土人工栽培甘草总黄酮含量≥5.0%以上的农艺措施为:施纯N 119.6~138.8kghm-2、施纯P2O5153.2~178.5 kghm-2、施纯K2O 90.9~105.6 kghm-2。     

玉米须总黄酮的抗氧化性研究

以玉米须为原料,提取玉米须总黄酮。从玉米须总黄酮对猪油的抗氧化性、对DPPH自由基的清除作用、对Fe3+的还原能力三个方面系统分析了玉米须总黄酮的抗氧化活性。结果表明:添加玉米须总黄酮的猪油比未添加玉米须总黄酮的猪油氧化缓慢;玉米须总黄酮对DPPH自由基的IC50为0.057mg/mL,低于BHT的IC50（0.17mg/mL）;同浓度下,玉米须总黄酮对Fe3+的还原能力强于BHT。因此,玉米须总黄酮具有抗氧化作用,可以作为一种天然抗氧化剂应用于食品领域。      

A Flavanone and Two Phenolic Acids from Chrysanthemum morifolium with Phytotoxic and Insect Growth Regulating Activity

Leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Ramat were extracted sequentially with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The methanol fraction, when incorporated into artificial diet was found to reduce the growth of cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni Hubner) larvae at concentrations between 500 and 5000 ppm of diet. Fractionation of the methanol extract on a Sephadex column yielded five fractions, three of which reduced the weight of larvae relative to the control. One fraction was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and found to contain three main constituents. These compounds were purified using a combination of gel permeation chromatography on Sephadex LH20 and HPLC, and analyzed by 1H and 13CNMR as well as undergoing chemical and physical analyses. The compounds were identified as: 1, chlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid); 2, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid; and 3, 3', 4',5-trihydroxyflavanone7-O-glucuronide (eriodictyol7-O-glucuronide). At concentrations between 100 to 1000 ppm these compounds reduced both growth and photosynthesis of Lemna gibba L. with the order of efficacy being: flavanone > chlorogenic acid > 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid. Furthermore, when incorporated separately into artificial diet these compounds, at 10 to 1000 ppm, enhanced or reduced growth of the cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) and gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.).     

Comparison of Antifungal and Antioxidant Activities of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acacia mangium</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">A. auriculiformis</Emphasis> Heartwood Extracts

The effect of heartwood extracts from Acacia mangium (heartrot-susceptible) and A. auriculiformis (heartrot-resistant) was examined on the growth of wood rotting fungi with in vitro assays. A. auriculiformis heartwood extracts had higher antifungal activity than A. mangium. The compounds 3,4,7,8-tetrahydroxyflavanone and teracacidin (the most abundant flavonoids in both species) showed antifungal activity. A. auriculiformis contained higher levels of these flavonoids (3.5- and 43-fold higher, respectively) than A. mangium. This suggests that higher levels of these compounds may contribute to heartrot resistance. Furthermore, both flavonoids had strong 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and laccase inhibition. This suggests that the antifungal mechanism of these compounds may involve inhibition of fungal growth by quenching of free radicals produced by the extracellular fungal enzyme laccase.     

Designing amorphous formulations of polyphenols with naringin by spray-drying for enhanced solubility and permeability

Naringin (NAR), a major flavanone (FVA) glycoside, is a component of food mainly obtained from grapefruit. We used NAR as a food additive to improve the solubility and permeability of hydrophobic polyphenols used as supplements in the food industry. The spray-dried particles (SDPs) of NAR alone show an amorphous state with a glass transition temperature (T_g) at 93.2 °C. SDPs of hydrophobic polyphenols, such as flavone (FVO), quercetin (QCT), naringenin (NRG), and resveratrol (RVT) were prepared by adding varying amounts of NAR. All SDPs of hydrophobic polyphenols with added NAR were in an amorphous state with a single T_g, but SDPs of hydrophobic polyphenols without added NAR showed diffraction peaks derived from each crystal. The SDPs with NAR could keep an amorphous state after storage at a high humidity condition for one month, except for SDPs of RVT/NAR. SDPs with NAR enhanced the solubility of hydrophobic polyphenols, especially NRG solubility, which was enhanced more than 9 times compared to NRG crystal. The enhanced solubility resulted in the increased membrane permeability of NRG. The antioxidant effect of the hydrophobic NRG was also enhanced by the synergetic effect of NAR. The findings demonstrated that NAR could be used as a food additive to enhance the solubility and membrane permeability of hydrophobic polyphenols.     

胶原纤维吸附剂分离黄烷酮苷和黄烷酮苷元

以戊二醛交联胶原纤维为吸附剂,通过柱层析法研究其对黄烷酮苷和黄烷酮苷元混合物的分离特性。分别选取柚皮苷和橙皮苷作为黄酮烷苷的代表性化合物,柚皮素和橙皮素作为黄烷酮苷元的代表性化合物。结果表明:采用正己烷-乙醇和乙醇-水溶液进行分步淋洗时,黄烷酮苷和黄烷酮苷元混合物能够得到分离,且目标产物回收率均在90%以上。并且,当胶原纤维吸附柱足够长时,可以仅用乙醇和水作为淋洗剂将黄烷酮苷和黄烷酮苷元混合物分离开。在5次重复分离实验中,胶原纤维吸附剂的分离性能无明显降低,所得目标产物的纯度均在96%以上,回收率均在90%以上,具有优良的可重复使用性。因此,戊二醛交联胶原纤维吸附剂可以较好的用于黄烷酮苷和黄烷酮苷元混合物的分离。     

Synthesis and Evaluation of Neuroprotective Selenoflavanones

The physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of a molecule could be improved by the substitution of an oxygen atom in a molecule with selenium. We synthesized selenoflavanones and flavanones to evaluate their neuroprotective effects. The selenoflavanones showed improved physicochemical properties, suggestive of the ability to pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). They showed in vitro antioxidant effects against hydrogen peroxide, and did not result in severe cytotoxicity. Moreover, infarction volumes in a transient ischemia mouse model were significantly reduced by the selenoflavanone treatments.