Nrf2通路在氟他胺诱导的肝细胞线粒体生物合成中的作用

目的：探讨氟他胺对人肝细胞线粒体生物合成的影响以及抗氧化通路Nrf2的调节作用。方法：采用人源肝细胞HepG2,氟他胺（0~50 μmol/L）给药24 h,通过RT-PCR和Western blot方法,检测mtDNA拷贝数和线粒体生物合成关键蛋白的表达,再通过应用基因敲降和特异性激活剂或抑制剂等技术方法进一步观察ERK1/2对氟他胺诱导的线粒体生物合成的影响以及Nrf2通路的调控作用。结果：氟他胺可诱导线粒体生物合成,mtDNA拷贝数和ERK1/2、PGC-1α蛋白均呈现剂量依赖性上升;ERK1/2抑制和激活能改变氟他胺诱导的mtDNA拷贝数和PGC-1α的表达;Nrf2通路抑制可影响氟他胺诱导的mtDNA拷贝数和ERK1/2、PGC-1α的表达。 结论：氟他胺可影响线粒体生物合成,其机制与Nrf2介导的ERK1/2改变密切相关。     

Drug–polymer miscibility,interactions, and precipitation inhibition studies for the development of amorphous solid dispersions for the poorly soluble anticancer drug flutamide

The major goal of this research was to successfully formulate solid dispersion (SD) of the poorly soluble anticancer drug flutamide (FLT) using various hydrophilic polymers. Furthermore, to get more insight into SD, solid-state studies (miscibility and molecular interaction) were correlated with solution study (precipitation inhibition, dissolution). Hydrophilic polymers like PVP K90, HPMC, Eudragit EPO, and PEG 8000 were used at different drug-to-polymer w/w ratios. Solid-state miscibility studies were carried out using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). SDs were prepared using solvent-evaporation technique and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and MDSC. Infrared, Raman spectroscopy and molecular modeling were used to investigate drug-polymer interactions in the dispersions. Precipitation inhibition studies were carried out at various FLT-hydrophilic polymer ratios. Precipitation inhibition studies showed that PEG 8000 has the highest efficiency, followed by PVP K90, while HPMC and EPO showed no effect on precipitation inhibition. In the solid-state, MDSC of the physical mixture (PM) suggested that FLT is miscible to a greater extent with EPO and PEG 8000. Characterization of the amorphous dispersions using MDSC and PXRD concluded that FLT transformed from crystalline to amorphous form in the presence of PVP K90 and PEG 8000. Spectroscopic results confirmed stronger interaction of FLT with PVP K90 and PEG 8000, thereby confirming the in-solution precipitation and molecular modeling binding energy results. Amorphous dispersions formulated with PVP and PEG were stable and showed higher dissolution, an important property necessary to improve the physicochemical properties and drug delivery of poorly soluble anticancer drug FLT.     

pH‐sensitive hydrogels based on bovine serum albumin for anticancer drug delivery

Protein conjugates consisting of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and acrylic acid monomers in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were prepared by gamma irradiation to examine the potential use of these hydrogels in the controlled drug release systems. The study parameter was the BSA content in the as‐prepared conjugates. Polymers were characterized with FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and swelling studies. The polymerization reaction caused the rearrangement of the BSA carbonyl hydrogen bonding and finally led to the modification of the BSA secondary structure as proved by FTIR. SEM proved that the prepared conjugates matrices are porous, with a three‐dimensional interconnected microstructure. The swelling kinetics of the hydrogels and the release dynamics of an anticancer model drug (flutamide) have been studied. High equilibrium swelling values, up to 1550%, could be observed and were correlated with the increase in pH, temperature, and BSA content. The mechanism of swelling changed from Fickian to non‐Fickian by reducing the acidity of the medium. This study proved that there is a direct relationship between the protein content in the conjugates and both the loaded and the released drug. These pH responsive conjugates may be exploited for the delivery of flutamide. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Sex steroids are necessary in the second postnatal week for the expression of male alloparental behavior in prairie voles (Microtus ochragaster).

Sex steroids play a significant role in organizing male social behavior, which is associated with low levels of pro-social behavior and high levels of aggression. However, the role of steroids in organizing behavior in highly social males is unclear. The authors tested the hypothesis that low levels of sex steroids facilitate the expression of pro-social behavior in male prairie voles (Microtus ochragaster), predicting that inhibition of testosterone and estradiol would reduce spontaneous-alloparental behavior. Treatment with the aromatase inhibitor 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD) or the androgen receptor blocker flutamide, days 8–14, significantly reduced the expression of alloparental behavior in 21-day old males. While both treatments reduced alloparental behavior and increased pup-directed aggression, there were differential treatment effects. Flutamide altered initial response, increasing latency to enter the pup cage and the likelihood of retreat from initial contact. ATD-treated males that were alloparental showed increases in sniffing and latencies to lick and huddle. Results indicate that endogenous steroids play a role in the development of male pro-social behavior and the effects of estrogens and androgens differ. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Treatment of wastewater containing cytotoxic drugs by CoFe2O4 nanoparticles in Fenton/ozone oxidation process

ABSTRACT

Nano-sized cobalt-substituted magnetite has been synthesized and used as a heterogeneous Fenton catalyst for the removal of anticancer drug Flutamide (FLU) from a solution with a concentration of 150 μM. By using response surface methodology at the optimal conditions of Fenton oxidation (FO) process, 67.7% FLU removal was obtained. In order to increase the removal efficiency of the drug, ozonation was applied in combination with FO process. Maximum FLU removal (93.0%) was obtained using 0.6 g O3 l^?1h^?1 and 163 mg L^?1 of the catalyst. The results indicate that the proposed method is efficient for the degradation of cytotoxic drugs.     

氟他胺合成新工艺研究

报道了以3-三氟甲基苯胺为起始原料进行氟他胺合成的新工艺。新工艺中用异丁基酸酐代替异丁基酰氯作酰化剂(即:酸酐酰化法代替酰氯酰化法),用30%的氢氧化钠代替碳酸氢钠作吸附剂。试验结果表明,该新工艺操作简单,能有效降低生产成本,可满足工业化生产要求。     

HPLC测定氟他胺有关物质

目的 建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定氟他胺中有关物质的含量.方法 采用HPLC,用Diamonsil C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇-水(60∶40);检测波长:230 nm;进样量:20 μL;流速:1.0 mL/min;柱温:25℃.结果 氟他胺与各杂质能得到有效分离,各杂质在0.04～2.0 μg/mL范围内线性良好.结论 本测定方法操作方便,灵敏度高,准确可靠,可用于氟他胺中有关物质的测定.