Insight into the chemical reaction of CH2OH with NO: Formation of N-hydroxy formamide as an isocyanic acid precursor

This study has explored the potential energy surface on the chemical reaction of CH₂OH with NO by using ab initio calculation. We have found the new reaction pathway producing N-hydroxy formamide, which can further decompose to generate isocyanic acid as a reducing agent of hydrocarbons selective catalytic reduction.     

二甲基甲酰胺的生产

二甲基甲酰胺是性能优良的溶剂和化工原料，尤其是高纯二甲基甲酰胺在聚氨酯合成革、聚丙烯腈纤维生产中有独特的用途。本文介绍二甲基甲酰胺的生产方法和国内外生产情况。     

钢件的甲酰胺高温气体碳氮共渗

应用气体渗碳的计算机精确控制技术，对常用低碳钢（AISI8720）进行了高温气体碳氮共渗试验，对不同渗碳条件（在不同时间加入不可比例的甲酰胺）下低碳钢的渗层深度和硬度进行了测定和比较分析，得出渗氮介质比较例、时间等因素对于高温气体碳氮共渗过程的影响规律。     

DMF生产系统技改总结

N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)是一种优良的有机溶剂及浆料行业的重要原料。通过十几年的发展,国内DMF生产能力大幅提升,市场竞争日趋激烈。为应对激烈的市场竞争,在DMF生产中对原料、工艺和设备等方面作了大量的技术改造,确保装置稳定运行,并降低了生产成本。     

Comparison of Methanol with Formamide on Separation of Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds from Model Coal Tar Fraction by Batch Cocurrent Multistage Equilibrium Extraction

The separation of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds (NHC) contained in a model coal tar fraction comprising four kinds of NHC [indole (In), quinoline (Q), iso-quinoline (iQ), quinaldine (Qu)], three kinds of bicyclic aromatic compound (BAC) [1-methylnaphthalene (1MN), 2-methylnaphthalene (2MN), dimethylnaphthalene (DMN) mixture with ten structural isomers (DMNs; regarded as one component)], biphenyl (Bp), and phenyl ether (Pe) was examined by batch cocurrent three stages equilibrium extraction. The model coal tar fraction used as a raw material in this work was prepared according to the components and compositions contained in coal tar fraction (distilled temperature ranges: 240–265°C). An aqueous solution of formamide and that of methanol were used as solvent, respectively. The distribution coefficient of the entire NHC (NHCs) summed four kinds of NHC was much larger than that of the entire BAC (BACs) summed three kinds of BAC, Bp, and Pe. Irrespective of solvent used in this work, the NHCs was recovered more than 90% through three stages of the equilibrium extraction. The selectivity of NHCs based on BACs obtained through the 3 stages equilibrium extraction using an aqueous solution of formamide was higher 3.6–8 times than that using an aqueous solution of methanol. Furthermore, we investigated the recovery process of NHCs contained in coal tar fraction using the formamide experimental results obtained from this work.     

三(2-氯乙基)胺盐酸盐的合成

以氯化亚砜(TC)、三乙醇胺(TEA)为反应原料,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)作为溶剂,经分子间亲核取代反应合成三(2-氯乙基)胺盐酸盐。结论表明:反应温度为60℃、反应时间为4 h、溶剂质量分数为20%、n TC∶n TEA=3.9时,三乙醇胺的转化率达到95.71%,产品收率达91.22%。利用1H-NMR方法表征了三(2-氯乙基)胺。     

二甲基甲酰胺中铥(Ⅲ)在铜电极上的电化学行为

应用循环伏安法、单电位阶跃计时电流法、计时电量法研究了二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中铥(III)在Cu电极上的电化学性质。研究表明,铥(III)在Cu电极上的还原是不可逆过程。通过上述3种电化学方法得到的扩散系数(D0)相近,由循环伏安法测得的传递系数(α)为0.028 36,通过塔菲尔曲线求得的交换电流密度(i0)为1.352 6×10-6 A/cm2。铥(III)离子成核机理研究表明,铥在Cu电极上的电沉积按三维模式生长连续成核。     

DMF萃取精馏法分离丁二烯的工艺流程模拟

利用ASPEN PLUS化工流程模拟软件,对DMF法丁二烯装置中的第一萃取精馏塔进行了模拟,与实际生产装置的工艺参数对比表明:模拟计算的结果是准确的。根据模拟计算的结果,分析了溶剂烃比、回流比、溶剂进塔温度等工艺参数对分离过程的影响,并提出了优化的工艺条件。     

Solid catalysts for wet oxidation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds

Several solid catalysts (Co₃O₄/γ-Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃, Mn₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃, Zn–Fe–Mn–Al–O, Pt/γ-Al₂O₃, Ru/CeO₂, Ru/C) have been prepared and used to remove N-containing organic contaminants while processing toxic and hazardous industrial waste waters using wet oxidation by air (WAO). The autoclave tests of catalysts were done to reveal the main advantages of catalysts in water presence at high pressures and temperatures. Catalyst activity was determined with regard to oxygen interaction with model mixtures (water–organic contaminant: acetonitrile, carbamide, dimethyl formamide, or multi-component mixture of aliphatic alcohols). Activity tests were done in a static reactor under ideal mixing regime. Reagents and products were monitored using gas chromatograph Cvet-560, Millichrom-1 HPLC, and routine chemical analysis. Optimum process conditions for the best catalyst (Ru/graphite-like carbon) are as follows: partial oxygen pressure – 1.0 MPa, temperature – 473–513 K. At 0.5–5.0 MPa total pressure and 433–523 K catalysts show high water-resistance and high activity level (residual content of toxic compounds is less than 1%, and no NO_x and NH₃ are detected). There are no legal restrictions on catalysts operation, since they are harmless to environment.