响应面法优化月桂酸单甘油酯的酶催化合成工艺

以月桂酸三甘油酯和甘油为原料,脂肪酶催化甘油解反应合成月桂酸单甘油酯。在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面分析法进行合成工艺优化。结果表明,含水量(相对于甘油的质量)对月桂酸单甘油酯产率的影响最为显著,且较优合成条件为:恒温振荡器转速100 r/min,酶添加质量分数(相对于底物)5%,n(甘油)∶n(月桂酸三甘油酯)=6∶1,底物质量分数(相对于整个反应体系)51.9%,温度65℃,含水量4.23%,反应时间5 h。在此条件下,月桂酸单甘油酯产率的预测值和实验值分别为81.68%和81.32%,说明二次多项回归模型具有良好的预测性。     

超临界体系脂肪酶膜催化合成甘油二酯的研究

以醋酸纤维素和聚四氟乙烯为材料制备醋酸纤维素/聚四氟乙烯复合膜,采用吸附-交联相结合的固定化方法,用该复合膜固定化脂肪酶。并研究了在超临界CO2状态下,采用该固定化脂肪酶膜催化一级大豆油与甘油反应合成甘油二酯的工艺,以反应产物中甘油二酯的含量为指标,通过单因素与响应面法进行分析,确定最佳的工艺条件为:一级大豆油与甘油的物质的量比为2∶1,反应温度为64℃,时间为7 h,加酶量为3.2%,甘油含水量为1%。在此条件下,得到反应产物中甘油二酯的质量分数为66.3%。     

响应面优化酶催化米糠油甘油解制备甘油二酯

利用响应面(RSM)对叔丁醇溶剂体系中的脂肪酶Novozym 435催化米糠油甘油解反应合成甘油二酯(DAG)的反应条件进行了优化。在单因素实验基础上选取反应温度、反应时间、酶添加量(酶和米糠油质量比)、底物质量比(米糠油:甘油)等4个因素作为自变量,以DAG的产率为响应值,进行5水平4因素中心组合旋转设计(CCRD)优化,确定了影响DAG合成的关键因素以及最佳反应条件。分析结果表明,在各影响因素中,底物质量比对DAG的产率影响最大。综合考虑优化和节约后,利用模型计算DAG合成的最佳条件:反应温度60℃,反应时间10.5h,加酶量10.66%,底物质量比16,在此条件下DAG产率是53.08%。     

甘二酯制备的研究进展

甘二酯因其独特的代谢途径而具有多种生理功能,它在天然油料中含量较少,所以利用甘三酯制备生产甘二酯尤显重要。概述了甘二酯制备的国内外研究现状,介绍并比较了甘油脂肪酸酯化和油脂甘油解制备甘二酯的两种方法,展望了甘二酯的发展前景。     

Glycerolysis of fats and methyl esters

The glycerolysis of methyl esters and triglycerides with crude glycerol, a coproduct from the transesterification of triglycerides, was studied. Three procedures were followed for this conversion. The first procedure was a one-step glycerolysis with methyl esters. The second procedure was a two-step process. This procedure involved an initial partial glycerolysis with methyl esters, followed by fat glycerolysis. The third procedure was a simultaneous glycerolysis with methyl esters and triglycerides. In the glycerolysis with methyl esters, the removal of methanol is vital to the production of mono- and diglycerides. Methanol was removed either by drawing vacuum on the reactor or by stripping methanol out by means of an inert carrier gas (nitrogen). Different molar ratios of methyl esters to glycerol were tested in the first two processes. At low concentration of methyl esters, total conversion of methyl esters to mono- and diglycerides was achieved. As the concentration of methyl esters was increased, the conversion of methyl esters to mono- and diglycerides was decreased. Furthermore, the ratio of mono- to diglycerides was also higher at lower concentrations of methyl esters. The conversion of triglycerides in the two-step process with crude glycerol was similar to a one-step fat glycerolysis with pure glycerol. The composition of different components and the ratio of mono- to diglycerides were also comparable.     

Solvent-free glycerolysis catalyzed by acetone powder of Nigella sativa seed lipase

The solvent-free glycerolysis of used sunflower oil catalyzed by acetone powder of Nigella sativa seeds was investigated. The highest partial acylglycerols yield was obtained at 60°C. The glycerolysis reactions, conducted at molar ratios of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 of oil to glycerol keeping the acetone powder content at 30% based on oil weight and the temperature at 60°C, approached equilibrium after 2 h. The highest partial acylglycerol content of the products was 66% (1:1 molar ratio) and 60% (2:1 molar ratio).     

α-亚麻酸单甘酯的合成工艺研究

在溶剂体系中,以亚麻籽油和甘油为反应底物,Lipozyme435为催化剂,制备富含α-亚麻酸的单甘酯,采用单因素实验与响应面分析法考察了制备过程中底物摩尔比、反应时间、油醇比、加酶量和反应温度对单甘酯得率的影响。结果表明,反应的最佳条件为底物摩尔比（亚麻籽油：甘油）=1：3,油醇比为39.66%,加酶量6.01wt%,反应温度为56.11℃,反应时间为10.48 h。在此反应条件下反应所得产物中单甘酯含量约达71.1%,经检验单甘酯中α-亚麻酸的含量达51.36%。     

硅胶吸附甘油在无溶剂酶法甘油解合成甘油二酯中的作用研究

以菜籽油、甘油为原料,采用无溶剂体系酶法甘油解生产1,3-甘油二酯(1,3-DAG)。研究结果表明,采用硅胶吸附甘油法可明显减少间歇反应中酶活损失,显著提高酶的生产能力和使用寿命。硅胶/甘油的比例不仅影响降低酶活损失的效果,而且与甘油解反应的初速度、转化率、产物组成密切相关。硅胶/甘油为1∶1(W/W)时,间歇反应酶的生产能力可提高2.3倍,酶的重复使用次数可达20次。     

樟树籽油合成富含中链脂肪酸甘油二酯的工艺研究

以固定化脂肪酶Lipozyme RM IM为催化剂,研究无溶剂体系下樟树籽油和甘油合成中链脂肪酸甘油二酯的工艺.采用响应面分析法对甘油酶解反应的工艺条件进行优化,确定最佳条件为底物摩尔比(甘油:樟树籽油)=1∶2.3,加酶量11.7wt％,反应温度72℃,反应时间15h.在此条件下得到产物油中甘油二酯含量为51.60％.气相色谱法测定合成产物的脂肪酸组成,产物油中癸酸(C10∶0)及月桂酸(C12∶0)含量分别为54.68％和39.79％,与樟树籽油脂肪酸组成基本一致.合成产物中DAG的中链脂肪酸含量虽有一定降低,但总量仍能达到75％左右.