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Dietrich E. Lorke Syed M. Nurulain Mohamed Y. Hasan Kamil Ku
a Georg A. Petroianu 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(6)
Poisoning with organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) represents an ongoing threat to civilians and rescue personal. We have previously shown that oximes, when administered prophylactically before exposure to the OPC paraoxon, are able to protect from its toxic effects. In the present study, we have assessed to what degree experimental (K-27; K-48; K-53; K-74; K-75) or established oximes (pralidoxime, obidoxime), when given as pretreatment at an equitoxic dosage of 25% of LD01, are able to reduce mortality induced by the OPC azinphos-methyl. Their efficacy was compared with that of pyridostigmine, the only FDA-approved substance for such prophylaxis. Efficacy was quantified in rats by Cox analysis, calculating the relative risk of death (RR), with RR=1 for the reference group given only azinphos-methyl, but no prophylaxis. All tested compounds significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced azinphos-methyl-induced mortality. In addition, the efficacy of all tested experimental and established oximes except K-53 was significantly superior to the FDA-approved compound pyridostigmine. Best protection was observed for the oximes K-48 (RR = 0.20), K-27 (RR = 0.23), and obidoxime (RR = 0.21), which were significantly more efficacious than pralidoxime and pyridostigmine. The second-best group of prophylactic compounds consisted of K-74 (RR = 0.26), K-75 (RR = 0.35) and pralidoxime (RR = 0.37), which were significantly more efficacious than pyridostigmine. Pretreatment with K-53 (RR = 0.37) and pyridostigmine (RR = 0.52) was the least efficacious. Our present data, together with previous results on other OPCs, indicate that the experimental oximes K-27 and K-48 are very promising pretreatment compounds. When penetration into the brain is undesirable, obidoxime is the most efficacious prophylactic agent already approved for clinical use. 相似文献
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Pengcheng Nie Fangfang Qu Lei Lin Yong He Xuping Feng Liang Yang Huaqi Gao Lihua Zhao Lingxia Huang 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(7)
Molecular spectroscopy has been widely used to identify pesticides. The main limitation of this approach is the difficulty of identifying pesticides with similar molecular structures. When these pesticide residues are in trace and mixed states in plants, it poses great challenges for practical identification. This study proposed a state-of-the-art method for the rapid identification of trace (10 mg·L−1) and multiple similar benzimidazole pesticide residues on the surface of Toona sinensis leaves, mainly including benzoyl (BNL), carbendazim (BCM), thiabendazole (TBZ), and their mixtures. The new method combines high-throughput terahertz (THz) imaging technology with a deep learning framework. To further improve the model reliability beyond the THz fingerprint peaks (BNL: 0.70, 1.07, 2.20 THz; BCM: 1.16, 1.35, 2.32 THz; TBZ: 0.92, 1.24, 1.66, 1.95, 2.58 THz), we extracted the absorption spectra in frequencies of 0.2–2.2 THz from images as the input to the deep convolution neural network (DCNN). Compared with fuzzy Sammon clustering and four back-propagation neural network (BPNN) models (TrainCGB, TrainCGF, TrainCGP, and TrainRP), DCNN achieved the highest prediction accuracies of 100%, 94.51%, 96.26%, 94.64%, 98.81%, 94.90%, 96.17%, and 96.99% for the control check group, BNL, BCM, TBZ, BNL + BCM, BNL + TBZ, BCM + TBZ, and BNL + BCM + TBZ, respectively. Taking advantage of THz imaging and DCNN, the image visualization of pesticide distribution and residue types on leaves was realized simultaneously. The results demonstrated that THz imaging and deep learning can be potentially adopted for rapid-sensing detection of trace multi-residues on leaf surfaces, which is of great significance for agriculture and food safety. 相似文献
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农药品种及其原料中间体的现状和展望 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
介绍了近年来新开发的农药品种及所需的原料和中间体,并提出了发展建议。 相似文献
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超声波提取-吸附分离-气相色谱法测定茶叶中农药残留 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
将超声提取-吸附分离的预处理技术用于气相色谱法检测茶叶中的农药残留。对超声波提取条件和吸附分离柱(自制)的结构进行了优化。建立了茶叶中有机磷类和菊酯类农药残留的气相色谱法定量测定的方法。进行了3个质量分数的标准添加,甲胺磷、乐果、联苯菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯的回收率相应为75%~95%、87%~110%、89%-102%、88%-105%、80%-93%,相对标准偏差为2.6%.4.8%,检出限为0.005-0.02mg/kg。该方法速度快、灵敏度高、重现性好。 相似文献
8.
农药多残留分析中QuEchERS方法介绍 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
主要讨论在农药多残留分析中的一种简便、快速、安全、价格低廉的分析方法——QuEchERS法。该方法的主要步骤是用含1%醋酸的乙腈对样品进行浸提,再加入无水硫酸镁与醋酸钠振荡促使其分层,随后进行分散固相萃取,即将浸提液转移至含有PSA吸附剂、硫酸镁的离心管中,运用Teflon涂层离心管进行离心,取离心液至自动进样瓶用于GC/MS或LC/MS进行测定,并对其稳定性和可靠性进行了分析和评价。同时本方法也可根据可供选择的分析仪器种类、检测限、靶标农药的范围以及使用介质的差异进行适当调整。 相似文献
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现代核磁共振技术及其在新药创制中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
简述了核磁共振技术的基本原理和最新进展 ,讨论了现代NMR技术在新药创制中的应用 相似文献