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1.
本文介绍了我国水稻害虫发生的种类,主要稻虫的种群消长,对水稻危害的损失,在各个不同年代,通过研究和防治,总结出对抗虫品种评价与利用的研究发展迅速,新农药的试验开发效果明显。70年代以来,按我国稻区生态条件和稻虫为害的特点,形成了江淮、太湖平原、川西平原、洞庭湖平原和珠江三角洲五大稻区的水稻病虫综合防治技术体系,主要技术路线是以农业防治为基础,抗性品种为主体,依靠经济防治指标,协调农药防治和利用天敌 相似文献
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B. E. Hibbard G. N. Lanier S. C. Parks Y. T. Qi F. X. Webster R. M. Silverstein 《Journal of chemical ecology》1991,17(1):89-102
Matsunone, (2E,4E)-4.6,10,12-tetramethyl-2,4-tridecadien-7-one, is the primary sex pheromone ofMatsucoccus resinosae, M. thunbergianae, andM. matsumurae. The synthetic compound was tested in the laboratory and in field tests with all three species, and significantly more males responded to synthetic matsuone than to controls. The attraction of synthetic matsuone to males in field tests was not significantly different from that of virgin females at the same matsuone release rate. An analog of matsuone previously shown to be biologically active was also tested in the laboratory withM. resinosae andM. thunbergianae, and field tested withM. resinosae. The active analog required a dose approximately 100 times greater than matsuone to yield maximum laboratory bioassay response, and in field tests, attraction was not significantly different from controls at doses at which matsuone was significantly attractive.Homoptera: Coccoidea: Margarodidae.Deceased. 相似文献
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Dale M. Norris 《Journal of chemical ecology》1988,14(10):1807-1819
Electrochemistry of malePeriplaneta americana perception of naphthoquinones as allelochemicals is presented. Importance of the oxidation-reduction potential and hydrogen-bonding capabilities of the naphtho-quinone messenger to its exchange of energy with the information-encoding, redox protein of the chemosensory neuron is considered. Evidence that the required information is initially encoded by an electroreactive protein in dendritic membrane is analyzed. A sulfhydryl-disulfide protein-based electrochemical mechanism for the demonstrated linear conversion of a molecular messenger energy state into whole insect behavior (avoidance or feeding inhibition) is elucidated. Even though the information-encoding mechanism is genetically conserved (kept electrochemically similar) within the species, behavioral biotypical differences regarding sensitivity to naphthoquinones are allowed through a group of proteins in the outer aqueous medium in the chemosensory sensillum. Such proteins electrochemically interface the dendritic membrane of the chemosensory neuron in the sensillum with the environment external to the sensillum. These interfacing proteins bind (complex) with chemical messengers (e.g., naphthoquinones) and/or variously degrade them, and thus determine the amount (moles) that is required in the environment to result in stimulation of the underlying sensory neurons and in a changed behavior. 相似文献
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蝶类昆虫识别算法的研究与分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
提出利用边缘检测及角点提取来识别蝶类昆虫的方法.通过用四种边缘检测算子对鳞翅目蝴蝶进行边缘检测并作比较分析,从中找出鳞翅目昆虫边缘检测的最佳边缘检测算子,然后对边缘检测后的图像进行了角点提取特征信息,通过实验能够得到蝶类图像的特征,为下一步蝶类识别奠定了基础. 相似文献
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研究了香薷、鹤虱等5种药用植物挥发油对仓虫的生物活性作用。结果表明,香薷挥发油的作用最为明显,它(剂量02μL/g)及其粗分离1#~5#样品(剂量005μL/g)均有效地抑制了试虫卵、幼虫及成虫的生长发育,从而减少了试虫F1代种群的发生,其中粗分离1#样品作用尤为突出。香薷挥发油1#~5#样品的主要化学成分为4,5,6,7,8,8a-六氢-8a-甲基-2[1H]-奥酮(5264%)、百里香酚(305%)和一未定成分(2192%)。 相似文献
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Ant algorithms and stigmergy 总被引:135,自引:0,他引:135
Marco Reference to Dorigo Eric Reference to Bonabeau Guy Reference to Theraulaz 《Future Generation Computer Systems》2000,16(8):851-871
Ant colonies, and more generally social insect societies, are distributed systems that, in spite of the simplicity of their individuals, present a highly structured social organization. As a result of this organization, ant colonies can accomplish complex tasks that in some cases far exceed the individual capacities of a single ant. The study of ant colonies behavior and of their self-organizing capacities is interesting for computer scientists because it provides models of distributed organization which are useful to solve difficult optimization and distributed control problems. In this paper we overview some models derived from the observation of real ants, emphasizing the role played by stigmergy as distributed communication paradigm, and we show how these models have inspired a number of novel algorithms for the solution of distributed optimization and distributed control problems. 相似文献
9.
Field-Testing of Methyl Salicylate for Recruitment and Retention of Beneficial Insects in Grapes and Hops 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Evidence for recruitment and retention of beneficial insects in grapes and hops using controlled-release dispensers of methyl salicylate (MeSA), a component of herbivore-induced volatile blends, is presented. In a replicated experiment conducted in a juice grape vineyard, sticky cards in blocks baited with MeSA captured significantly greater numbers of five species of predatory insects (Chrysopa nigricornis, Hemerobius sp., Deraeocoris brevis, Stethorus
punctum picipes, Orius tristicolor) than unbaited blocks. Four insect families (Syrphidae, Braconidae, Empididae, Sarcophagidae) were also significantly more abundant in the MeSA-baited blocks, as indicated by sticky card captures. Canopy shake samples and sticky card monitoring conducted in a MeSA-baited, unsprayed hop yard indicated development and maintenance of a beneficial arthropod population that was nearly four times greater than that present in an unbaited reference yard. Four times as many S. punctum picipes and six times as many O. tristicolor were sampled in the MeSA yard. Similar contrasts in abundance of these predators and others were apparent when compared with levels recorded in the yard in previous years. The large population of predatory insects in the MeSA-baited hop yard was associated with a dramatic reduction in spider mite numbers, the major arthropod pest of hops, in late June, and subeconomic populations were maintained for the rest of the season. The evidence presented here is highly suggestive that the use of controlled-release MeSA in a crop could increase recruitment and residency of populations of certain beneficial insects. This strategy may have the potential to enhance the efficacy and reliability of conservation biological control in crop pest management. 相似文献
10.
Storage insects may cause occupational allergies in humans. The identification of the prevalence of IgE reactions were measured from protein fractions prepared from multiple life stage of granary weevil Sitophilus granarius [SG] is reported. Sera of 30 patients from a suburban population of Upper Silesia (South Poland) were tested for the presence of IgE antibodies to antigens from larvae, pupae and adults of both sexes of the beetle. To identify protein fractions containing potential allergens, proteins collected from four life stages of granary weevil were fractionated by SDS-PAGE and probed with anti-human, anti-IgE monoclonal antibodies. The proteins were fractionated by SDS PAGE and identified by Western blot. The patients’ antibodies against particular antigens were identified using anti-human anti-IgE monoclonal antibody. The conducted immunological analysis showed the existence of many protein fractions for each life stage of SG which give positive reactions with IgE antibodies. The largest number of allergenic potential fractions was shown in pupae (60 protein fractions) while the smallest amount was shown in larvae (44 protein fractions). Summarizing, the obtained results suggest the existence of many protein fractions with an allergenic potential multiple life stages of SG. This indicates that all developmental stages of SG may be a serious source of antigens and potential risk factors for the exposed persons. 相似文献