剂油比对煤焦油沥青质加氢过程的影响

以中低温煤焦油沥青质为原料,采用NiMoW/γ-Al_2O_3商业催化剂,在反应温度380℃、反应压力8 MPa和反应时间1.5 h条件下,分别在不同剂油质量比(1∶25、1∶20、1∶15、1∶10)条件下进行加氢实验,通过采用元素分析、FT-IR、XRD、~1H-NMR和XPS等分析表征手段,考察不同剂油质量比对中低温煤焦油沥青质加氢转化过程的影响。结果表明,随着剂油质量比的增加,沥青质转化率提高,加氢产物分布也发生大幅变化,沥青质和芳香分轻质化转化为饱和分。但随着剂油质量比的进一步提高,同时也发生了更多的裂化反应和缩合反应,剂油质量比在合适范围能够很好地起到加氢轻质化且抑制结焦的效果。     

纳米MoS2的合成及其在重油深度转化中的应用

MoS_2是在催化剂领域、光化学领域以及润滑油领域都广受关注的材料。因其良好的加氢活性,通常在石油化工领域中作为加氢过程的催化剂活性组分。介绍了纳米MoS_2的插层剥离法、气相化学沉积法、前驱物分解法、水热合成法等多种合成方法,列举了不同方法合成MoS_2产品在形貌、大小、比表面积等方面的特点,并针对重油转化所需催化剂的特性对不同合成方法的优缺点进行了对比。最后简单介绍了意大利ENI公司以非负载MoS_2作为催化剂在浆态床加氢工业应用的实例。     

JT-4型焦化催化干气加氢催化剂在制氢装置上的应用

为解决干气不平衡问题,制氢装置在加氢反应器中使用西北化工研究院开发的JT-4型焦化催化干气加氢催化剂,以满足干气制氢的需要。使用结果表明,焦化干气经JT-4型催化剂加氢转化后,完全满足制氢工艺要求,解决了全厂干气不平衡问题,大幅度降低了制氢成本。     

Hydrocracking of Gudao Residual Oil with Dispersed Catalysts Using Supercritical Water-Syngas as a Hydrogen Source

Heavy oil upgrading is a very important process in the petroleum industry, but is very difficult because it has a high impurity content. A variety of heavy oil upgrading technologies have been developed in the world, including the catalytic hydrocracking process, which can process various heavy oils with a high yield of liquid products. Although this technology is one of the most widely used methods for upgrading heavy oil, the use of expensive molecular hydrogen is costly. The heavy oil upgrading technology with alternative hydrogen is very important. The catalytic hydroconversion of Gudao residue with different catalysts using water-syngas as an alternative hydrogen was investigated in this study. Hydrogen is provided in-situ for hydrocracking through the water-gas shift reaction (WGSR). The experimental results show that catalysts play a very important role in catalytic hydroconversion of Gudao residue using water-syngas as an alternative hydrogen. Addition of catalysts to residue was found to improve the distribution or properties of cracking products and inhibit the asphaltene or TI formation.     

焦炉气制甲醇原料气净化工艺浅析

对目前焦炉气制甲醇装置原料气净化广泛采用的有机硫加氢转化脱硫工艺作了简单介绍,在肯定其适用性的同时,指出了工艺上存在的问题与不足;分析了问题产生的原因并提出相应的工艺改进意见。在对国内多家焦炉气制甲醇装置界区内焦炉气中有机硫的种类和数量进行调查了解的基础上,根据耐硫中温水解催化剂的特性,分析了原料气中有机硫采用水解转化的可行性并得出肯定结论;同时构想了一种新的焦炉气水解净化工艺。详述了水解净化工艺在关键催化剂的综合性价比、对原料气中氧的化解利用、投资和运行成本三个方面的比较优势所在。对焦化甲醇装置如何根据自身的特点来选择适宜的有机硫转化工艺提出建议。     

超微NaY分子筛的合成和催化芳烃转化性能

进行了超微NaY分子筛的合成。以工业化为基础,系统研究了导向剂的老化时间、分子筛的成胶温度、凝胶的老化温度和时间、以及晶化温度和时间等因素对NaY分子筛细化的影响,合成出n(SiO₂)/n(Al₂O₃)≥5,粒度分布范围小,平均粒径小于300 nm 的超微NaY分子筛。测定表明,BET比表面积大于890 m2·g^-1。分别采用合成的分子筛与常规分子筛作为催化剂载体,以甲苯作为模型化合物考察了催化剂的催化脱芳烃性能。结果表明,与常规微米分子筛相比,超微NaY分子筛负载的Pt催化剂的甲苯加氢活性相当,但在加氢产物分布中,环异构化产物的量明显增加,裂化产物则明显减少。     

采用水溶性分散型催化剂的渣油悬浮床加氢工艺

抚顺石油化工研究院于９０年代开发的采用多金属水溶性分散型催化剂的渣油悬浮床加氢技术已完成了小型和中型运转试验。用研制的水溶性催化剂和悬浮床加氢工艺处理辽河、胜利、孤岛及沙特阿拉伯等原油的劣质常压渣油和减压渣油,单程通过得到的馏分油总收率可达６０％～８０％,过程基本不生焦。对辽河渣油悬浮床加氢尾油进行了延迟焦化和调合沥青试验,结果表明尾油可以得到充分利用。     

Nanosized Platinum-Loaded H-ZSM-5 Zeolite Catalysts for n-Hexane Hydroconversion

Abstract

A series of nanosized platinum-containing catalysts was successfully loaded on/in zeolite H-ZSM-5 via exchanging the zeolitic proton with platinum from Pt tetramine dichloride complex. Another series of Pt/H-ZSM-5 catalysts was prepared via wet impregnation of H₂PtCl₆ solution for comparison. The latter series was found to produce lower Pt dispersion. Pt dispersion was determined by H₂ chemisorption. Catalyst characterization via ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was examined for all catalysts and showed large differences in particle sizes. The data on n-hexane reactions of the catalysts of both series confirmed the formation of Pt nanoparticles in the exchanged catalysts. The relatively lower density and strength of acid sites acquired by Pt-exchanged catalysts contributed to this difference; stronger acid sites in the impregnated catalysts are in favor of hydrocracking reactions, which inhibit isomerization selectivity.     

Hydrocracking of Gudao Residual Oil with Dispersed Catalysts Using Supercritical Water-Syngas as a Hydrogen Source. Part II: The Comparison of Residue Hydrocracking in Different Hydrogen Sources

Abstract

Different catalytical hydrogen sources were compared with molecular hydrogen gas in the hydrocracking of Gudao residue in the presence of catalysts (PMA). The results showed that alternative hydrogen sources were effective in catalytic hydroconversion of heavy oil. The hydroconversion of residue in supercritical water-syngas system showed similar results when performed with molecular hydrogen.