缓蚀阻垢剂HZ-X2的合成、性质及应用

中原文留油田油井含水高于85％，采出水中CO2与HCO3^-构成弱酸性缓冲体系，腐蚀性和结垢性很强，油井、集输和注水系统既出现腐蚀，又发生结垢。针对该油田研制并生产了新型缓蚀阻垢剂HZ－X2。简介了合成方法及产品技术性能，讨论了缓蚀和阻垢机理，详述了室内测试结果，简介了现场试验和应用情况。该剂由缓蚀成份咪唑啉及其衍生物、阻垢成份膦基丙烯酸－马来酸（酐）共聚物及溶剂制成，易溶于水，可溶或分散于油，不增加原油的乳化。在室内测试中，加量＞100mg/L时在65℃采出水中的静态缓蚀剂＞75％，在70℃油水混合液（30：70）中的动态缓蚀率＞70％。加量≥20mg/L时，在75℃采出水中对Ca、Mg垢的阻垢率＞84％。在现场试验中，从1口油井油套环空按产水量加入该剂100mg/L，在20天内使采出水中含铁量下降，腐蚀速率降至接近0.07mm/a。在文留油田现场应用中，不同油井加入适量药剂（60－100mg/L)，加药周期一般15d左右，采出水平均腐蚀速率由0．408mm/a降至0.075mm/a，结垢速率由3－7mm/a降至0.121mm/a。表3。     

Novel Enantiocomplementary C2‐Symmetric Chiral Bis(imidazoline) Ligands: Highly Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with Ethyl 3,3,3‐Trifluoropyruvate

Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts alkylations of a variety of indoles with ethyl 3,3,3‐trifluoropyruvate catalyzed by novel chiral m‐phenylenebis(imidazoline)‐copper(II) complexes or the bis(imidazoline)‐achiral acid combination afforded products with high enantioselectivity. Both enantiomers of indole derivatives can be prepared with high enantioselectivities by tuning the N‐substituents of the imidazoline.     

Direct Enantioselective Three‐Component Kabachnik–Fields Reaction Catalyzed by Chiral Bis(imidazoline)‐Zinc(II) Catalysts

A direct three‐component reaction of aldehydes, amines and diaryl phosphites was catalyzed by a zinc(II) complex of 1,3‐bis(imidazolin‐2‐ly)pyridine (pybim) giving the corresponding α‐aminophosphonates in good yield with good enantioselectivity. The reaction was applied to a wide variety of aromatic aldehydes to give products with excellent yields (up to 99%) and enantiomeric excesses (up to 93% ee).     

Enantioselective Reaction of Imines and Benzyl Nitriles Using Palladium Pincer Complexes with C2‐Symmetric Chiral Bis(imidazoline)s

Enantioselective reactions of a wide variety of benzyl nitriles with N‐tosylimines catalyzed by novel chiral 1,3‐bis(imidazolin‐2‐yl)benzene‐palladium(II) [Phebim‐Pd(II)] complexes have afforded the respective products in high yield with good enantioselectivity. A reaction mechanism is proposed based on X‐ray crystal structures of palladium complexes.     

An EIS study of the effect of the pedant group in imidazolines as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in CO2 environments

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were carried out to study the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in 3 % NaCl with and without diesel saturated with CO₂ at 50 °C. The inhibitors examined were hydroxyethyl (HEI‐18), amino ethyl (AEI‐18), and amide ethyl imidazolines (AMEI‐18). When the oily phase, i.e diesel, is absent, the inhibition efficiency of the imidazolines is low, around 80 %. It was found, however, that the inhibition dramatically increased with the presence of the oily phase, because the imidazolines are able to act as both emulsifiers and corrosion inhibitors. Experimental results showed an increase in the film resistance (R_f), charge transfer resistance (R_ct), capacitance of the film and the capacitance of the double layer values with the addition of inhibitor in presence of the oily phase also in several orders of magnitude. The most effective inhibitor in presence of diesel is a solution of AMEI‐18, as the oily phase is carried to the surface also. This is due to the presence of two large alkyl groups than the only chain present in the HEI‐18 and AEI‐18 imidazolines with better hydrophobic properties associated with the formation of a protective film that reduces drastically the corrosion process. The effects of the interaction of inhibitors with hydrocarbons and the correlation on the performance of inhibitor films have been examined.     

咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂的合成及性能评价

采用硬脂酸、苯甲酸、月桂酸、二乙烯三胺和三乙烯四胺为原料,合成了多种咪唑啉及咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂,对N80钢在的盐酸中有较好的缓蚀作用,其中合成的咪唑啉季按盐的缓蚀性能更为优异。咪唑啉季铵盐类型缓蚀剂MBT在投加量为0.5%时,在12%HCl(60℃,4h)酸液中,N80钢腐蚀速率为0.692g/(m2.h)。该产品与缓蚀剂复配后得到了缓蚀剂SE-1,缓蚀性能得到进一步提高,加量为2%时,在土酸(150℃,4h)介质中,N80钢片在的腐蚀速率为15.91g/(m2·h)。并用动电位扫描技术,对咪唑啉缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能进行了极化行为研究。     

咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂的合成与复配研究

以油酸、二乙烯三胺及硫酸二甲酯为主要原料,二甲苯为携水剂,合成咪唑啉季铵盐。结果表明,咪唑啉季铵盐的最佳合成条件为:二乙烯三胺与油酸摩尔比为1.2∶1,二甲苯10 mL,酰胺化温度160℃,反应时间2 h,环化温度200℃,环化时间6 h,季铵化试剂为硫酸二甲酯,季铵化反应温度50℃,季铵化反应时间2.5 h。4 mg/L加量的咪唑啉缓蚀剂在模拟盐水介质中的缓蚀率可达到90.1%。当其与丙炔醇、碘化钾、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)单独复配时,在合适的复配比例下,均具有良好的协同效应。