偏晶合金液-液相变过程模拟

建立了能描述在弥散相液滴形核、扩散长大、碰撞凝并及两液相空间分离等因素共同作用下，偏晶合金液-液相变过程中组织演变过程的数学模型。将计算的温度场和浓度场与控制凝固组织演变的动力学方程相耦合，模拟研究了单向冷却条件下Al-Pb合金液-液相变过程中的组织演变过程。结果表明，随着冷却的进行，液-液相变区不断由试样底部向试样顶部推进，直至贯穿整个试样。由于在凝固过程中弥散相液滴进行Marangoni迁移和Stokes运动，试样中的某些部位会出现液滴贫化、过饱和度增加和多次形核现象。     

Polylactide films formed by immersion precipitation: Effects of additives,nonsolvent, and temperature

The influence of nonsolvent, crystallinity of the polymer film, and addition of dodecane (a poor solvent for the polymer and for the nonsolvent) on the morphology of polylactides films has been investigated and was related to phase separation behavior. Both amorphous poly‐DL ‐lactide (PDLLA) and crystalline poly‐L ‐lactide (PLLA) were dissolved in dichloromethane, and subsequently films were made by immersion in nonsolvent baths. PDLLA gave dense films without any internal structure, since the structure was not solidified by crystallization or glassification. PLLA films show varying structure depending on the nonsolvent. With methanol, asymmetric morphologies were observed as a result from combined liquid‐liquid demixing and crystallization, while with water symmetric spherulitic structures were formed. As a next step, dodecane was added, which is not miscible with the nonsolvent, and we found it to have a strong influence on the morphology of the films. The PDLLA films with dodecane did not collapse: a closed cell structure was obtained. In PLLA films, dodecane speeds up phase separation and induces faster crystallization in the films, and the porosity, size of the pores, and interconnectivity increased. When the PLLA solutions were subjected to a heat pretreatment, crystallization could be postponed, which yielded a cellular structure around dodecane, which did not contain spherulites anymore. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 959–971, 2007     

Selected physical characteristics of polystyrene/high density polyethylene composites prepared from virgin and recycled materials

Mixtures of polystyrene and high density polyethylene were injection molded from recycled and virgin polymers to generate cocontinuous structures. The mechanical properties of these blends were evaluated to assess their conformance to rule of mixtures behavior in general and to identify areas of synergy or incompatibility in specific. Flexural and tensile data for recycled blends showed that generally the properties are not additive, except in a cocontinuous region of composition near 35/65 PS/HDPE that has been identified previously for recycled materials. Analysis of crystallinity in the HDPE phase of these blends by differential scanning calorimetry indicates a marked reduction in the level of HDPE crystallinity at the 35/65 PS/HDPE composition. Similar blends of virgin PS/HDPE polymer do not show the differing regions of incompatibility and synergy illustrated by the recycled materials, but rather show approximate conformance to the rule of mixtures. Furthermore, the virgin blends show virtually no crystallinity suppression and a more pronounced T_g shift in the polystyrene compared to recycled materials. Detailed characterization of the recycled materials in terms of polymer and particulate impurities should improve understanding of these differences and perhaps provide direction for obtaining enhanced synergistic behavior in virgin polymer blends. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF NON-AQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID TRANSPORT IN A SINGLE FILLED FRACTURE BY LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD

In this article,the Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid(NAPL)transport in the single filled fracture was studied with the Shan-Chen multi-component multiphase Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)with special consideration of wettability effects.With the help of the model,the contact angle of the non-wetting phase and wetting phase interface at a solid wall could be adjusted.By considering a set of appropriate boundary conditions,the fractured conductivity was investigated in condition that the NAPL blocks the channels in the single filled fracture.In order to study the wettability effects on the NAPL transport,a constant driving force was introduced in the Shan-Chen multi-component multiphase LBM.Flow regimes with different wettabilities were discussed.Simulated results show that the LBM is a very instrumental method for simulating and studying the immiscible multiphase flow problems in single filled fracture.     

应用注氮技术提高八面河油田北区采收率

八面河油田为稠油断块油藏,含水高,能量不足。采用注氮气技术能有效补充驱动能力。在实践中应从四个方面考虑注氮气与增产油量之间的相应关系:1、注氮气量与油砂体孔隙体积;2、注氮气位置与地层倾角对注氮气效果的影响;3、注氮气对油井含水的影响;4、注氮气对地层能量的影响。2005年,八面河油田北区共有7口井注氮气,投入产出比为1∶4.8。     

Advance application of Raman spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of noncrystalline components in thin films of poly(ε-caprolactone)/poly(butadiene) blends

A quantitative analysis method for the distribution of noncrystalline poly(butadiene) component in poly(ε-caprolactone)/poly(butadiene) (PCL/PB) binary blends have been analyzed by advance application of Raman spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. Thin films of different compositions of PCL/PB binary blends were prepared from solution and isothermally crystallized at a certain temperature. After calibration with real data, quantitative analyses by Raman spectroscopy revealed the amorphous PB are trapped inside the PCL crystals. Polarized optical microscopy and real time atomic force microscopy were used to collect data for the crystal morphology and crystal growth rate. For pure PCL crystals, a morphology of truncated lozenge shape was observed, independent of crystallization temperature and regardless of the blends compositions. For the pure PCL and their blends, almost unique crystal growth rate was found. The miscibility behaviors using DSC were drawn through melting point depression method. The Hoffman-Weeks extrapolations of the blends were found to be linear and identical with those of the neat PCL. The interaction parameter for the blends indicating that the PCL and PB blends have no intermolecular interaction, confirming the blends are immiscible. Despite the immiscibility of the blend, the PCL crystals do not bend during the growth process and do not reduce the growth rate as they do for miscible blend systems.     

Experimental and calculated liquid-liquid interfacial tension in demixing metal alloys

Liquid-liquid interracial tension in binary and temary Al-based monotectic systems has been determined experimentally with a tensiometric method in a wide temperature interval. The temperature dependence of the interfacial tension is well described by a power law function of the type σαβ - （1 - T/Tc）δ with the critical exponent δ= 1.3 and a critical temperature Tc. Theoretical models describing the liquid-liquid interface in monotectic alloys and their applicability for calculation of the interfacial tension and its temperature dependence in binary systems are considered.     

一维两相同向渗吸模型的求解方法

渗吸作用是裂缝性储层提高原油采收率的重要机理,润湿相在毛细管力、重力的作用下进入储层基质,通过同向或逆向渗吸作用置换基质内的非润湿相。基于渗吸模型的局限性,文中推导了一维两相同向渗吸模型的通式,在相对渗透率曲线和毛细管压力曲线简化的基础上进行无因次化处理,并采用差分法进行了求解,获得了饱和度前缘移动曲线。采用COMSOL软件,对上述模型进行结果验证,并与逆向渗吸模型进行了对比。结果表明:COMSOL求解结果与文中求解结果近似,同向渗吸模型饱和度前缘推进速度比逆向渗吸更快,同向渗吸效率更高,采出原油更多。在裂缝性储层、常规甚至致密储层中,如果采用体积改造,密集切割储层基质,形成裂缝网络,则可发挥同向渗吸作用,提高原油采出程度。     

水／气交替驱微观实验研究

本文应用微观透明模型直观地观察水、气和水／气交替驱油过程中诸相流体的渗流机理及残余油水分布状况，详细地描述了三相流体在多孔介质中的流动状态，应用图象处理技术监视实验过程并定量分析驱油效率和残余油量。实验结果表明：对水和气而言，任何单一介质的驱替均不能产生驱油的最佳效果，交替驱弥补了单相驱的不足，有利于提高残余油的流动度，交替次数越多，驱油效率越高。夹砂模型实验表明，交替驱过程中存在重力作用。     

CO2非混相驱微观实验研究

以大庆榆树林油田扶杨油层为例，利用高温高压微观实验系统，分别在静态和动态条件下应用微观网络模拟技术观察了原油与CO2间的流动现象。通过实验现象，分析了CO2非混相驱驱油机理，并确定了CO2与大庆榆树林原油的拟混相压力。