Effect of Pressure Gradient on Heat Transfer of Impinging Submerged Circular Jets

An experimental and numerical study have been carried out to investigate the distribution of radial local heat transfer coefficients of impinging submerged circular jets. Good agreement is achieved between the experimental results and the predicted value. Results show that the outer peak usually occurs at the radial location of r/d= 1.8~2.0, in which transition from laminar to turbulence happens resulting from disappeared pressure gradient abruptly, and that the inner peak appears rigidly at r/d=0.5, where the boundary layer has a minimum thickness because of elevating pressure gradient.     

Air impingement and intermittent drying: Application to apple and to mango

An original drying process combining air impingement and intermittent drying was studied on apple slices and mango cubes. The influence of four operating parameters (air velocity, drying/tempering periods, upper height, and air temperature) on the drying time and on the drying rate was evaluated. Continuous and intermittent drying were compared. The intermittency α = 1/7 (τ_on = 10 seconds and τ_off = 60 seconds) gave the best results. A time savings of 54% for apple and 67% for mango was reached. In continuous drying, a time savings of 4620 seconds was observed by increasing the air velocity from 6 to 40 m s^?1 for apple. Air temperatures of 328 K for apple and of 328 K or 338 K for mango were determined as optimum to prevent case‐hardening. Experimental results were fitted with the analytical solution of Fick's second law and the modified Page equation (average values R² = 0.985 and 0.961, for apple and mango, respectively). For both products, the apparent moisture diffusivity D_app, the drying constant k, the drying coefficient n, and the activation energy E_a, were identified. Activation energies calculated from the analytical solution were 30.3 and 36.8 kJ mol^?1 and were 25.4 and 30.0 kJ mol^?1 using the modified Page equation for apple and mango, respectively. Mango has an increased temperature sensitivity and thus will need less energy for drying than apple.     

Maximum Spreading of Urea Water Solution during Drop Impingement

Droplet impingement of urea water solution (UWS) is a common source for liquid film and solid deposits formed in the tailpipe of diesel engines. In order to better understand and predict wetting phenomena on the tailpipe wall, this study focuses on droplet spreading dynamics of urea water solution. Impingement of single droplets is investigated under defined conditions by high‐speed imaging using shadowgraphy technique. The experimental studies are complemented by numerical simulations with a phase‐field method. Computational results are in good agreement with experimental data for the advancing phase of spreading and the maximum and terminal spreading radius, whereas for the receding phase notable differences occur. For the maximum spreading radius, an empirical correlation derived for glycerol‐water‐ethanol mixtures is found to be valid for millimeter‐sized UWS droplets as well. A numerical simulation for a much smaller droplet however indicates that this correlation is not valid for the tiny droplets of UWS sprays in technical applications.     

Effects of hydrogen concentration on the emission and heat transfer of a premixed LPG-hydrogen flame

This paper describes an experimental study of the effect of hydrogen concentration on the emission and heat transfer characteristics of a laminar premixed LPG-hydrogen flame. The mole fraction of hydrogen in the fuel mixture was varied from 0% to 50%. The equivalence ratio of the fuel/air mixture was kept at stoichiometry and the mixture jet Reynolds number was fixed at Re = 1500 for most of the tests. The results show that upon varying hydrogen content in the fuel mixture, there is a corresponding change in the appearance, pollutant emissions and heat transfer characteristics of the flame.     

受限式阵列射流过冷沸腾的可视化实验研究

以43%质量浓度的乙二醇水溶液为工质,针对5 mm×32 mm的加热面,采用孔径1 mm,孔间距和孔径比值为4(孔数为7),射距和孔径比值为5的一维阵列射流结构,对受限式射流过冷沸腾进行了可视化实验研究。结果发现,由于加热面朝下,沸腾气泡由于浮力紧贴壁面,而阵列射流引起的横流冲刷作用也不足以吹跑气泡,因此,在一定的热流密度下,当靠近加热表面的气液界面上的蒸发和受过冷液体冲击的气液界面上的凝结取得动态平衡时,将形成一定大小和分布规律的稳定气泡。随着热流密度的增加,气泡长大、合并,并最终形成覆盖整个壁面的"气垫",导致临界热流密度的发生。射流速度较小时,射流无法对加热面形成有效的直接冲击,气泡首先在整个加热面的中间形成;而在射流速度较大时,由于壁面射流的"对冲效应",气泡在两股射流的中间形成,因为那里的冷却最弱。     

MRI与MSCT在坐骨股骨撞击综合征诊断中的应用价值分析

目的分析核磁共振成像(MRI)与多层计算机断层扫描(MSCT)在坐骨股骨撞击综合征诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性收集2017年9月~2019年11月我院骨科收治的65例坐骨股骨撞击综合征患者的临床资料,所有患者均经手术治疗确诊,并且在术前均进行MRI和MSCT检查。比较MRI和MSCT对坐骨股骨撞击综合征患者的检出率及坐骨股骨间隙(IFS)、股方肌间隙(QFS)值、疾病相关指标、疾病相关病变影像征象检出率。结果MRI对坐骨股骨撞击综合征的检出率为92.31%,显著高于MSCT(78.46%,P=0.025)。MRI和MSCT对坐骨股骨撞击综合征患者健侧、患侧IFS和QFS值及股骨颈前倾角(FNA)、股骨小转子角(LTA)、股骨颈干角(CCD)、坐骨角(IA)值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。MRI和MSCT检测坐骨股骨撞击综合征患者健侧IFS和QFS值均显著高于患侧(P<0.05)。MRI对坐骨股骨撞击综合征患者关节面硬化的检出率(9.23%)低于MSCT(23.08%),对股方肌水肿和滑膜囊肿的检出率(66.15%和21.54%)高于MSCT(24.62%和6.15%,P<0.05)。结论MRI对坐骨股骨撞击综合征、组织水肿及囊肿的诊断检出率高于MSCT,对关节面硬化的诊断检出率低于MSCT,因此可将两种方法联合用于坐骨股骨撞击综合征的诊断。     

Experimental study of impingement cooling by heat sinks with thin longitudinal fins for LSI packages

This paper reports on the impingement cooling characteristics of a heat sink with thin longitudinal fins of 0.2 mm thickness, which are spaced with a fin-pitch in the range 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm. The air cooling of the heat sink comes from a slot-shaped orifice positioned above the heat-sink center. The breadth of the gap between the fin tops and the inlet orifice is in the range 0 mm to 10 mm. The thermal resistance of the thin longitudinal fins used is about 50% to 57% that of the thick longitudinal fins now in commercial use. The cooling performance of the thin-plate fins is almost the same as that of optimally arranged pin-fins with the same total surface area. A maximum value of six times the heat transfer rate of a single flat plate having the same base area was observed for the thin-plate fins. A comparison of cooling performance between impingement and channel flow systems was conducted. The performance of impingement cooling systems is almost unaffected by the breadth of the gap between the fin tops and the inlet orifice (or, for channel cooling, the upper wall). On the other hand, the performance of channel-cooling systems decreases significantly as the gap widens. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(7): 449–459, 1996     

多结构形式小通道液冷板散热性能对比研究

小通道冷板作为一种有效的热控装置,已被广泛应用于高热流密度电子器件的热管理领域。文中以通道特征尺寸为2 mm 的串行、并行以及射流冲击/小通道混合液冷板为研究对象,旨在获取这3种结构形式冷板的极限散热能力和流动阻力损失的差异。研究结果表明：在相同冷却工质流量条件下,3种冷板的散热功率由大到小依次为串行通道、并行通道、射流冲击/小通道混合液冷板;串行通道冷板的板内阻力损失明显大于其余两者;在综合考虑压力损失和散热性能的基础上,根据不同热源热流密度条件选择合适的冷板结构,有望满足特定应用的需求。该研究可供小通道液冷板的设计和优化参考。     

阵列射流冲击冷却传热特性的数值研究

以涡轮叶片冷却技术为背景,采用带转捩的剪切应力输运(Transition SST)模型对阵列射流冲击冷却的传热特性进行数值模拟,分析了冲击Re、冲击间距、初始横向流和冲击孔排列方式的影响规律。结果表明:冲击间距对靶面平均Nu的影响存在最优值,在所计算的范围内,Zn/d=2时平均Nu最大;在冲击孔排列方式影响中,当冲击间距Zn/d≤2时,顺排孔冲击冷却传热效果优于错排,而当Zn/d≥3时,错排孔冷却传热效果优于顺排。