高纯硼烷中杂质的低温气相色谱分析

用低温色谱法解决硼烷的分解问题，使硼烷中氢的分析成为可能，该法又能消除硼烷和四硼烷（B4H10)对氧、氮和甲烷峰测定的干扰，此方法的建立使硼烷的标准制定成为可能。     

生长条件对KDP晶体中散射颗粒的影响

利用透射电子显微技术对不同条件下生长的KDP晶体中包裹物进行了观察并测量了其相应尺寸。结果表明，晶体中的生长缺陷、pH值、生长速度和杂质与KDP晶体散射颗粒的形态存在密切关系。     

用分步沉积法去除Nb(OH)5/Ta(OH)5中Ti,Sb等金属杂质的工艺研究

从理论和实践应用方面，研究了在不同活性金属离子存在的条件下控制pH值，应用分步沉积的方法去除Nb(OH)5/Ta(OH)5中某些金属杂质。在一定温度下，可在不影响Nb(OH)5/Ta(OH)5沉积的条件下，达到有效去除Ti，Sb，Sn，Al，Fe等杂质元素的目的。     

Production of phosphoric acid with low content of impurities

The present work is to study the possibility for controlled distribution of the impurities when they are decomposed by sulphuric acid to wet phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum, as well as generating technological conditions for production of clean wet phosphoric acid and its derivatives - phosphoric fertilizers, food phosphates and other phosphoric products.A coefficient of distribution D_A is introduced as a general criterion for elements dispersion. The study includes relationships between the weight ratio sulphuric acid/natural phosphate and D_A; the period of decomposition and D_A; the particle's size content of the natural phosphate and D_A. The obtained experimental data and relationships about the influence of the above discussed technological parameters on dispersion of more than 23 elements allow for control of that process in wet phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum by selecting specific technological conditions. Thus, depending on the requirements of acid's consumers and procedures for secondary processing of phosphogypsum to end-products, a selective decomposition of the natural phosphates to phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum can be carried out with content of the impurities in those products varying in narrow limits.     

基于卡尔曼滤波改进的精子图像序列分割方法

图像分割是精子图像识别的一项关键技术,在精子运动能力分析中起着至关重要的作用。本文对采集的连续精子图像序列进行灰度化、去噪等预处理后,采用Otsu算法对首幅动物精子图像二值化,对后续图像采用Kalman Filter确定二值化阈值范围,改进Otsu算法求出每一幅图像的适当阈值并进行二值化,缩短算法时间并能保证分割精度。应用形态学消除精子尾部和部分精子之间的粘连现象,通过计算和比较目标面积、形状因子,去除小颗粒杂质以及形状及灰度和精子相似的杂质,为精子运动能力检测提供高质量的分割图像。     

湿法磷酸选择性除杂制工业级磷酸二氢铵

以湿法磷酸为原料, 通过氟化钠选择性沉淀金属离子, 使其以NaMgAl（F, OH）₆·H₂O和XMgAlF₆（X=Na ⁺、K ⁺、NH₄ ⁺）非含磷沉淀析出, 再通氨中和制得工业级磷酸二氢铵。分析了氟化钠加入量对杂质脱除（Na、K、Al、Mg、Fe和Ca等金属阳离子）及液相氟残留的影响, 结果表明氟化钠与磷酸质量比（m_NaF/m）为2.5%时, 效果较好, 此条件下制得的磷酸二氢铵纯度和五氧化二磷收率分别达到98.53%和86.2%。     

Quantification of trace amounts of impurities in high purity cobalt by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

An analytical method using high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) for rapid simultaneous determination of 24 elements (Be, Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Pt, Au, and Pb) in high purity cobalt was described. Sample digestions were performed in closed microwave vessels using HNO3 and HCl. The matrix effects because of the presence of excess HCl and Co were evaluated. The usefulness of high mass resolution for overcoming some spectral interference was demonstrated. The optimum conditions for the deter- mination were tested and discussed. The standard addition method was employed for quantitative analysis. The detection limits were 0.016-1.50 μg?g?1, the recovery ratios were 92.2%-111.2%, and the RSD was less than 3.6%. The method was accurate, quick, and convenient. It was applied to the determination of trace impurities in high purity cobalt with satisfactory results.     

高纯过氧化氢生产中有机物杂质的净化技术进展

介绍了工业级过氧化氢中有机物杂质的来源,综述了高纯过氧化氢生产中有机物杂质的净化技术研究进展,包括精馏、吸附、离子交换树脂、溶剂萃取、结晶、膜分离技术以及这些技术的组合净化技术。精馏净化产品纯度不高,但技术成熟,可工业放大;膜分离净化技术较安全,但膜的寿命短;吸附树脂工艺简单、净化效率高,但树脂易被氧化。指出以精馏为前净化技术,再与膜分离、树脂吸附相结合是有机碳杂质去除技术的发展趋势。     

Effects of cobalt, temperature and certain impurities upon cobalt electrowinning from sulfate solutions

The effects of cobalt concentration, temperature and the presence of zinc, copper and iron ions in the electrolyte on current efficiency and cathodic quality were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic methods during cobalt electrowinning. The results showed that high cathodic efficiency of cobalt deposition was obtained from solutions containing cobalt concentration in the range 30–60 g l^–1. Current efficiency increased from 94% to 97% with increase in cobalt concentration to 60 g l^–1 at 20 °C. It was also found that increase in temperature to 50 °C enhanced the cobalt deposition reaction, along with the rate of hydrogen evolution, resulting in little change in current efficiency. The presence of foreign cations in the electrolyte not only adversely affects current efficiency but also promotes cracking and peeling.     

Effect of Impurities on the Syndiospecific Coordination Polymerization of Styrene

Summary: The effect of impurities on the coordination polymerization has generally been classified and discussed in different ways and has been investigated in detail in the syndiospecific homo‐ and copolymerization of styrene. With regard to impurities of styrene, phenylacetylene as an unpolar impurity containing separate multiple bonds, 1‐phenyl‐1,2‐ethanediol and ω‐hydroxyacetophenone as examples of polar impurities, and ethylbenzene as an other unpolar impurity have been investigated regarding the effect on the polymerization rate and the influence on the molecular properties of the syndiotactic polystyrenes. In the syndiospecific copolymerization with p‐methylstyrene, indene shows a different behavior regarding the decrease of the polymerization conversion depending on the comonomer concentrations present in the monomer mixture. Additionally, the effect of impurities of the catalyst system on the syndiospecific styrene polymerization has been demonstrated, particularly of octahydrofluorene as a component of the transition metal compound and of trimethylaluminium as a component of the cocatalyst methylaluminoxane. All results have been discussed with respect to the mechanisms of the effects on polymerization behavior and on polymer properties.

Dependence of the relative polymerization conversion on the amount of indene added to the monomer mixture in styrene (ST)/p‐methylstyrene (PMS) copolymerization (catalyst n‐ratio: 0.5; molar ratio MAO:Ti = 110:1; polymerization temperature: 60 °C; polymerization time: 45 min).