重组人干扰素α2b内毒素检查法的研究

目的研究鲎试剂法与家兔法检测重组人干扰素α2b内毒素结果的相关性,并参照家兔热原试验的阈值量,来确定本制品质量标准中内毒素的限量标准。方法分别用不同浓度的内毒素溶液和含不同浓度内毒素的供试品溶液进行家兔热原质试验,确定供试品内毒素限值,并在此限值下进行内毒素检测,方法均参照2000年版《中国药典》和2000年版《中国生物制品规程》进行。结果在含不同浓度内毒素溶液的家兔热原质试验中,致热阈值小于5.0EUml。在含不同浓度内毒素供试品溶液的家兔热原质试验中,致热阈值小于1.25EUml。以此确定本品内毒素限值,检测该制品的内毒素含量,结果均符合规定。结论本品在内毒素含量小于3.5EU500万单位dose的范围内,根据具体的对照实验及制品的用途来规定细菌内毒素限值,可用鲎试剂法代替家兔法检测注射用重组人干扰素α2b冻干制剂的热原质。     

重组人干扰素α2b栓剂的检定及其临床疗效

目的对重组人干扰素α2b栓剂进行质量检定及临床疗效观察。方法连续试制3批样品,进行各项质控指标的检定及宫颈糜烂的临床疗效观察。结果本品各项检定指标均符合质量要求。治疗组宫颈糜烂的有效率为74·8%,对照组的有效率为60·0%。治疗组和对照组的副反应发生率分别为9·1%和8·3%。结论重组人干扰素α2b栓剂质量稳定,安全性好,疗效确切。     

The RAGE/DIAPH1 Signaling Axis & Implications for the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Complications

Increasing evidence links the RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products)/DIAPH1 (Diaphanous 1) signaling axis to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. RAGE is a multi-ligand receptor and through these ligand–receptor interactions, extensive maladaptive effects are exerted on cell types and tissues targeted for dysfunction in hyperglycemia observed in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Recent evidence indicates that RAGE ligands, acting as damage-associated molecular patterns molecules, or DAMPs, through RAGE may impact interferon signaling pathways, specifically through upregulation of IRF7 (interferon regulatory factor 7), thereby heralding and evoking pro-inflammatory effects on vulnerable tissues. Although successful targeting of RAGE in the clinical milieu has, to date, not been met with success, recent approaches to target RAGE intracellular signaling may hold promise to fill this critical gap. This review focuses on recent examples of highlights and updates to the pathobiology of RAGE and DIAPH1 in diabetic complications.     

Apparent heterogeneity of recombinant interferon γ receptors produced in prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems

Recombinant proteins show several types of heterogeneity and post-translational modifications which are usually related to their production system. The apparent heterogeneity of recombinant interferon γ receptors and interferon γ receptor–immunoglobulin G fusion proteins expressed in Escherichia coli, baculovirus-infected insect cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells have been studied. In general, all proteins tested showed some type of heterogeneity which was detectable by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The E. coli-derived receptor included non-native conformations involving mispaired or non-formed disulfides. This type of heterogeneity affected the biological activity of the protein. In addition, the prokaryotic protein had trapped phosphoric acid during downstream processing. The phosphoric acid entrapment did not affect ligand binding capacity. The eukaryotic proteins showed heterogeneity because of the unequal cleavage of the signal peptide and because of differences in glycosylation. The latter types of heterogeneity did not affect activity. Glycosylation-related heterogeneity was partially derived from the unequal utilization of the potential N-glycosylation sites and differently affected the apparent molecular masses and migrations of the proteins on polyacrylamide gels. The results may be useful in characterization studies of recombinant proteins.     

Neurotropic RNA Virus Modulation of Immune Responses within the Central Nervous System

The central nervous system (CNS) necessitates intricately coordinated immune responses to prevent neurological disease. However, the emergence of viruses capable of entering the CNS and infecting neurons threatens this delicate balance. Our CNS is protected from foreign invaders and excess solutes by a semipermeable barrier of endothelial cells called the blood–brain barrier. Thereby, viruses have implemented several strategies to bypass this protective layer and modulate immune responses within the CNS. In this review, we outline these immune regulatory mechanisms and provide perspectives on future questions in this rapidly expanding field.     

融合蛋白IFN-IgG Fc在乳酸乳杆菌中的表达及其生物学活性研究

用乳酸菌表达有药用价值的生物学活性多肽,是当前国际上的研究热点之,对开发新的功能性食品具有广阔的前景.本文应用PCR方法将人干扰素IFN-α-2b基因与IgG Fc基因连接,并引入一段柔性连接肽,构建了融合蛋白基因IFN-IgG Fc,将融合蛋白基因克隆到原核表达载体pSC111 AE中,转化乳酸乳杆菌ATCC393进行诱导表达及鉴定,并研究了融合蛋白的生物学活性.结果表明,通过Western-Blot方法在表达上清液检测出干扰素融合蛋白,ELISA测定表明两段多肽能够保持各自的构象,基因工程乳酸菌表达的上清液可以诱导WISH细胞产生明显的抗VSV病毒的活性,其活性为1.71×103IU/ml.本文首次构建并在大肠杆菌和乳酸菌表达了IFN-IgG Fc融合蛋白,获得了能产生人干扰素的乳酸菌株,为基因工程乳酸菌及相关药物的开发研究奠定了基础.     

Interferon-β Activity Is Affected by S100B Protein

Interferon-β (IFN-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine secreted in response to various pathological conditions and is clinically used for therapy of multiple sclerosis. Its application for treatment of cancer, infections and pulmonary diseases is limited by incomplete understanding of regulatory mechanisms of its functioning. Recently, we reported that IFN-β activity is affected by interactions with S100A1, S100A4, S100A6, and S100P proteins, which are members of the S100 protein family of multifunctional Ca²⁺-binding proteins possessing cytokine-like activities (Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(24):9473). Here we show that IFN-β interacts with one more representative of the S100 protein family, the S100B protein, involved in numerous oncological and neurological diseases. The use of chemical crosslinking, intrinsic fluorescence, and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy revealed IFN-β binding to Ca²⁺-loaded dimeric and monomeric forms of the S100B protein. Calcium depletion blocks the S100B–IFN-β interaction. S100B monomerization increases its affinity to IFN-β by 2.7 orders of magnitude (equilibrium dissociation constant of the complex reaches 47 pM). Crystal violet assay demonstrated that combined application of IFN-β and S100B (5–25 nM) eliminates their inhibitory effects on MCF-7 cell viability. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the direct modulation of IFN-β activity by the S100B protein described here could be relevant to progression of multiple oncological and neurological diseases.     

集成干扰素突变体的构建、表达及纯化

目的构建高效且可供单甲氧基聚乙二醇马来酰亚胺(mPEG-MAL)定点修饰的集成干扰素突变体(IIFNm108),并进行表达、纯化及鉴定。方法采用同源序列对比、空间结构模拟并结合α干扰素与受体结合的特点设计突变位点。用重叠延伸PCR法,扩增IIFNm108基因,与pET-23b载体连接,构建重组表达质粒pET-23b-IIFNm108,转化E.coli BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,所得包涵体经变性、复性、DEAE阴离子交换及凝胶过滤两步层析纯化后,进行各项鉴定。结果重组表达质粒经双酶切及测序鉴定证明构建正确。目的蛋白的表达量占菌体总蛋白的30%以上,主要以包涵体形式存在。纯化的IIFNm108蛋白纯度大于95%,比活性约为(2.08±0.17)×108IU/mg,N-端、C-端氨基酸序列与理论一致,相对分子质量为19500,可与mPEG-MAL成功交联。结论已获得一种高效且可供mPEG-MAL定点修饰的集成干扰素突变体IIFNm108。     

Advances in Lupus Nephritis Pathogenesis: From Bench to Bedside

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototype of autoimmune disorders caused by a loss of tolerance to endogenous nuclear antigens triggering an aberrant autoimmune response targeting various tissues. Lupus nephritis (LN), a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with SLE, affects up to 60% of patients. The recent insights into the genetic and molecular basis of SLE and LN paved the way for newer therapies to be developed for these patients. Apart from the traditional B-cell-centered view of this disease pathogenesis, acknowledging that multiple extrarenal and intrarenal pathways contribute to kidney-specific autoimmunity and injury may help refine the individual therapeutic and prognostic characterization of such patients. Accordingly, the formerly induction-maintenance treatment strategy was recently challenged with the exciting results obtained from the trials that evaluated add-on therapy with voclosporin, belimumab, or Obinutuzumab. The scope of this review is to provide an insight into the current knowledge of LN pathogenesis and future therapeutic strategies.