丙酮低压一步法合成甲基异丁基酮催化剂体系研究进展

对丙酮低压一步法合成甲基异丁基酮所需要的催化剂体系及反失活机理进行了详尽的综述，并对近年来的研究工作进行了系统地分析与比较，提出了未来的研究方向。     

Synthesis and characterization of dehydroabietic acid derivatives suitable for surfactant synthesis

The syntheses of derivatives of dehydroabietic acid suitable for further manipulation into surfactants are presented. The compounds are produced at very high yields and purity. They contain several different functional groups, e.g., carboxylic acid, amine, ester, alcohol, and an aromatic group. The functional groups are useful as the linking unit to the hydrophilic part in synthesizing surfactants.     

Decadienoates: Sex Pheromone Components of Nettle Caterpillars Darna trima and D. bradleyi

This study was undertaken to identify sex pheromone components of nettle caterpillars Darna trima and Darna bradleyi (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) whose larvae defoliate oil palm, Elaeis guineensis, in southeast Asia. Coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GCEAD) analyses of pheromone gland extracts revealed two antennally active compounds produced by female D. trima and two by female D. bradleyi. Molecular structures of these candidate pheromone components were identified by electron-impact and chemical-ionization mass spectrometry; retention-index calculations on DB-5, DB-23, and DB-210 columns; microanalytical treatments, as well as syntheses of "auxilliary" compounds that facilitated identification of the compounds. The compounds from D. trima were 2-methylbutyl (E)-7,9-decadienoate (A) and (E)-2-hexenyl (E)-7,9decadienoate (B); from D. bradleyi we identified methyl (E)-7,9-decadienoate (C), and isobutyl (E)-7,9-decadienoate (D). In field experiments in Malaysia, (S)-2-methylbutyl (E)-7,9-decadienoate (SA) in combination with B proved to be essential and synergistic pheromone components for attraction of male D. trima. (R)-2-Methylbutyl (E)-7,9-decadienoate (RA) had no behavioral activity. Compound D singly attracted male D. bradleyi, but addition of C to D at a 1 : 10 ratio significantly enhanced attractiveness of the bait. Synthetic pheromone blends were more effective trap baits than unmated female moths and could be developed for monitoring populations of D. trima and D. bradleyi in Asian oil palm plantations.     

脂肪酶水解L-亮氨酸异丁酯的工艺

以脂肪酶A为催化剂,水解L-亮氨酸异丁酯制备L-亮氨酸。研究了不同酶、缓冲液体系、物料比、反应温度、反应时间对L-亮氨酸收率的影响,通过正交试验确定了L-亮氨酸异丁酯最佳水解条件。以L-亮氨酸异丁酯为原料,在提取脂肪酶液为Gly-NaOH缓冲液体系、反应前添加L-亮氨酸达到L-亮氨酸溶解度的质量、物料比为1∶13、50℃、摇床转速为170r/min的条件下反应13h,L-亮氨酸的收率为95.23%。     

纳米TiO2浆料改性氯醚树脂防蚀涂层的初步研究

氯醚树脂生产环保、防蚀性能好,但其耐候性不佳,有待改进.纳米TiO2抗紫外性能优异,但有关其改性防蚀涂料及性能的研究鲜见报道.为此,采用金红石型纳米TiO2对氯醚树脂防蚀涂料进行了改性处理,并用国家标准和人工加速老化试验考察了纳米TiO2的加入对氯醚树脂涂层的附着力、柔韧性、耐冲击、紫外老化等性能的影响,用电化学阻抗法考察了添加纳米TiO2对漆膜防蚀性能的影响.结果表明,添加纳米TiO2对氯醚树脂漆膜的附着力、柔韧性和耐冲击没有明显改善,但能提高漆膜耐紫外老化的性能,漆膜的光泽度也有所提高,纳米TiO2加入适量时还能提高漆膜的防蚀性能.因此,纳米材料在氯醚树脂防蚀涂料中的应用是可行的.     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成乙酸异丁酯

以冰醋酸、异丁醇为原料,对甲苯磺酸为催化剂合成乙酸异丁酯,通过正交实验考察了原料比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量和反应时间等因素对反应的影响.结果表明,在醇酸比1:1、催化剂用量1.5 g(0.2 mol冰醋酸)、带水剂用量5 mL和反应时间2 h的条件下,酯化率可达95%以上.     

不同方法制备丙酮一步法合成甲基异丁基酮催化剂Cu-MgO-Al2O3的比较

采用浸渍法及共沉淀法分别制备丙酮一步法合成甲基异丁基酮催化剂Cu-MgO-Al2O3,通过考察催化剂的催化性能,研究不同方法制备催化剂对其活性的影响。结果表明,催化剂中碱性组分与金属组分含量匹配合适才能得到最佳的反应结果,共沉淀法催化剂比浸渍法催化剂具有更大的比表面积和孔体积,进料速率高,活性好。     

Application of three xanthates collectors on the recovery of nickel and pentlandite in a low-grade nickel sulfide ore using optimum flotation parameters

One of the challenges encountered when processing nickel ore is the presence of other minerals like chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, pyrite and amphiboles in mineral dressing. Hence, there is need to investigate the selectivity of some collectors at optimum flotation parameters (particle size, milling time, pH and flotation cell) to maximize nickel and pendlandite recovery. Three xanthate collectors, namely potassium amyl xanthate (PAX), sodium isobutyl xanthate (SIBX) and sodium ethyl xanthate (SEX), were investigated in this study. In order to achieve this aim, the physical treatment of nickel sulfide ore and percentage chemical composition of nickel sulfide ore were investigated. The analyses of the concentrates were done using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The optimum nickel and pentlandite recovery was achieved at particle size of 64.73 µm milled for 1.5 h, pH of 9.65 and using a new flotation cell. Also, SEX collector recovered more nickel and pentlandite contents compared to PAX and SIBX collectors when optimum parameters of particle size, milling time, pH and flotation cell were considered. In conclusion, the results showed that the selectivity of SEX is the strongest and will recover more pentlandite in a complex and low-grade nickel sulfide ore.     

Self-disproportionation of Enantiomers (SDE) of Chiral Nonracemic Amides via Achiral Chromatography

This article is based on a review of literature devoted to the phenomenon of SDE via achiral chromatography since the appearance of the seminal work of Professor Emanuel Gil-Av. The discussed examples of chromatographic studies are related to amides derived from chiral amines and α- and β-amino acids. We discuss the observed SDE magnitude as a function of a compound's structure, and composition of eluent and stationary phases, providing some mechanistic considerations. Particular emphasis is given to the aspect of SDE via achiral chromatography as an emerging unconventional enantiomeric purification technique.     

甲基异丁基醇气相催化脱氢制备甲基异丁基酮的工艺研究

在固定床反应器上研究了自制 CuO/ZnO/Al_2O_3为催化剂,常压下由甲基异丁基醇脱氢制备甲基异丁基酮的反应,得到了较佳的工艺条件:温度240～250℃,甲基异丁基甲醇质量空速1.0～1.5 h~(-1),催化剂还原温度低于240℃。在该条件下,甲基异丁基甲醇的单程转化率最高可达82.2%,甲基异丁基酮选择性达到99.0%。实验结果表明,在实验条件下该催化剂具有较好的稳定性。