Antiplatelet Effect and Selective Binding to Cyclooxygenase (COX) by Molecular Docking Analysis of Flavonoids and Lignans

The known flavonoids ginkgetin (1), taiwanhomoflavone A (2), taiwanhomoflavone B (3), and taiwanhomoflavone C (4) and eight known lignans: justicidin B (9), justicidin C (10), justicidin D (11), chinensinaphthol methyl ether (12), procumphthalide A (13), procumbenoside A (15), and ciliatosides A (16) and B (17) were isolated from Cephalotaxus wilsoniana and Justicia species, respectively. The antiplatelet effects of the above constituents on human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were evaluated. Of the compounds tested on human PRP, compounds 1, 4, 9, and 11 showed inhibition of secondary aggregation induced by adrenaline. Compound 1 had an inhibitory effect on cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). Molecular docking studies revealed that 1 and the related compounds apigenin (5), cycloheterophyllin (6), broussoflavone F (7), and quercetin (8) were docked near the gate of active site of COX-1. It indicated that the antiplatelet effect of 1, 4, 9, and 11 is partially owed to suppression of COX-1 activity and reduced thromboxane formation. Flavonoids, 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 may block the gate of the active site of COX-1 and interfere the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin (PG) H₂ in the COX-1 active site.     

高效液相色谱法测定南、北五味子中木脂素含量

建立了用高效液相色谱法测定南、北五味子中5种木脂素成分(五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、五味子酯甲、五味子甲素和五味子乙素)的分析方法。以甲醇和水为流动相,采用梯度洗脱,对21个不同产地的南、北五味子样本进行了色谱分离,并利用标准物质、保留时间和紫外光谱对木脂素进行定性。结果表明,样品中各组分的色谱峰基本达到基线分离,该方法重复性好、灵敏度高,为评价南、北五味子中的木脂素活性成分提供了一种可靠的分析方法。     

牛蒡子化学成分研究

研究牛蒡子的化学成分。利用各种色谱技术进行分离、纯化,通过波谱解析结合理化性质鉴定化合物的结构。从牛蒡子中分离得到六种化合物,根据理化性质和光谱数据分别鉴定为牛蒡子苷元、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸、二十六烷酸、亚油酸乙酯、十八烷酸甘油酯。     

五味子木脂素超声循环提取工艺条件的优化

采用超声循环提取的方法从五味子中提取五味子醇甲等木脂素类有效成分,考察溶剂、超声时间、超声功率、液固比和温度对提取工艺的影响．结果表明采用85％的乙醇作为提取溶剂,在单因素实验的基础上通过正交实验得出最佳工艺条件：超声功率500W,超声时间10min,温度30℃,液固比20,五味子木脂素提取率达到80．84％．     

五味子总木脂素的提取纯化

目的提取纯化五味子总木脂素。方法以五味子总木脂素含量为指标,用正交试验筛选五味子的最佳提取工艺,并初步探讨总木脂素的纯化方法。结果五味子总木脂素的最佳提取工艺为：4倍量的75%乙醇回流提取1次,提取时间为2 h;提取物用乙酸乙酯提取。结论总木脂素纯度可提高约10倍。     

北五味子木脂素对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的：研究北五味子木脂素（Schisandra chinensis lignans,SCL）对酒精诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用并初步探讨其作用机制。方法：将50 只小鼠随机分为正常对照组、酒精性肝损伤模型组、SCL低剂量组（25 mg/（kg•d））、SCL高剂量组（50 mg/（kg•d））、阳性对照组（联苯双酯150 mg/（kg•d））,灌胃给药预处理15 d。末次给药1 h,造模组小鼠给予50%乙醇12 mL/kg一次性灌胃,正常对照组给予同体积蒸馏水。12 h后处死小鼠,检测血清中谷丙转氨酶（alanine aminotransferase,ALT）和谷草转氨酶（aspartate aminotransferase,AST）活性,甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）水平,肝组织中丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（glutathione,GSH）含量及一氧化氮合酶（nitric oxide synthase,NOS）活性;HE染色观察肝脏病理学改变。结果：SCL可明显降低酒精致肝损伤小鼠血清ALT和AST活性以及TG水平（P＜0.05）,同时使小鼠肝组织MDA含量和NOS活性显著下降,GSH含量提高（P＜0.05）;苏木素-伊红染色结果显示SCL可显著改善酒精引起的小鼠肝细胞水肿、坏死,中央静脉充血等病理损伤。结论：SCL对小鼠酒精性肝损伤具有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与抗氧化有关。     

薄层扫描法同时测定南、北五味子提取物中四种木脂素的含量

目的:建立同时测定南、北五味子提取物中四种主要木脂素含量的方法。方法:分别采用乙醇、超临界CO2提取南、北五味子中的木脂素,采用GF254板,展开剂为正己烷-醋酸乙酯(8:3),双波长薄层扫描(λS=220nm,λR=340nm)测定南、北五味子提取物中五味子醇甲、酯甲、甲素和乙素的含量。结果:五味子醇甲点样量于0.44～1.54μg,酯甲点样量于0.60～2.10μg,甲素点样量于0.52～1.82μg,乙素点样量于0.48～1.68μg范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,相关系数R分别为0.9986、0.9960、0.9997和0.9962,平均回收率分别为104.5%、95.0%、96.1%和102.1%,5次测定的RSD分别为4.0%、2.8%、2.6%和1.9%。超萃提取物中四种木脂素含量均高于醇提物。结论:本法简便、快速、精密度较好,可用于同时测定五味子提取物中四种主要木脂素含量。     

木脂素的生物合成及其微生物法生产的研究进展

木脂素是一类分布于植物中的次级代谢产物,由两分子苯丙素衍生物聚合而成。木脂素具有抗细菌、抗病毒和抗真菌活性,被广泛用于药物和食品中。目前,木脂素的生产主要依赖于植物提取。植物生长周期长、木脂素含量低等问题,限制了木脂素的商业应用。随着木脂素合成路径和关键酶的不断解析,木脂素的生物催化合成过程受到了越来越多的关注。本文总结了典型木脂素的生物活性、生物合成路径和微生物法生产的研究进展,可以为深入研究木脂素的微生物合成提供参考。     

Hydrogenolysis of Hydroxymatairesinol Over Carbon-Supported Palladium Catalysts

The natural lignan hydroxymatairesinol was hydrogenolysed to a potential anticarcinogenic substance matairesinol over different carbon-supported palladium catalysts. The reaction was conducted in 2-propanol at 70 °C under hydrogen flow in a stirred glass reactor. The catalysts were characterised by N₂-physisorption, CO pulse chemisorption and pH measurement of aqueous catalyst slurries. The most active catalyst (Degussa-Hüls) gave yields of matairesinol over 90% in 4 h. It was concluded that the acidity of the catalyst had a profound influence on the reaction rate.     

Sesame lignans enhance the thermal stability of edible vegetable oils

The effect of sesame lignans on the thermal and storage stability of edible vegetable oils (soybean-SBO, sunflower-SFO and ricebran-RBO) was studied by (i) determining the total free radical scavenging activity (RSA) using DPPH, (ii) % total tocol retention, (iii) lignan profile and (iv) PUFA composition. The order of RSA and retention of total tocols of oils heated up to 120 min at frying temperature (FT) were RBO = SBO > SFO and RBO > SBO > SFO, respectively. Heating SBO or SFO at FT after addition of 1.2% lignans increased RSA of SBO to a greater extent than that of SFO, and increased retention of total tocols only in SBO. However, addition of lignans did not further increase the RSA of RBO. Heating oils with added lignans, increased sesamol and decreased sesamolin while sesamin was relatively resistant to heat. These findings suggest that sesame lignans may have potential application as natural antioxidants in the edible oil and food industry.