灵芝菌丝体多糖的分离纯化及其单糖组成分析与分子量测定

前期杂交优化后赤芝菌种经液体深层发酵后,提取灵芝菌丝体多糖,并过DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow柱分离纯化,利用高效体积排阻色谱(HPSEC)检测多糖级分的纯度,采用完全酸水解PMP柱前衍生化RP—HPLC测定多糖级分的单糖组成,多角度光散射仪联用装置(SEC—MALLS)测定其绝对重均分子量(Mw),并且根据分子旋转半径与分子摩尔数的关系曲线斜率初步推断其空间构象。结果显示:分离纯化得到3个多糖级分GLMP1、GLMP2和GLMP3,HPSEC检测其峰面积百分比分别为93.58%,97.64%,99.19%,单糖组成分析结果表明GLMP1、GLMP2和GLMP3均含有甘露糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖和岩藻糖,但单糖摩尔比各异。SEC—MALLS测试GLMP1、GLMP2和GLMP3的Mw分别为4.526×105,4.603×104,3.760×103 g/mol,3个多糖级分构象可能均为高度紧缩且具有分支结构的聚合物。     

大孔树脂分离纯化女贞子中齐墩果酸工艺的研究

本文对大孔吸附树脂分离纯化女贞子中齐墩果酸的方法进行优化研究.以齐墩果酸的吸附率和解吸附率为考察指标,筛选出D101、D201、LSD001、XDA-7、C008、LSA-10、LSA-40、LSA-21等8种树脂中最适合齐墩果酸分离的树脂,并确定其分离纯化女贞子中齐墩果酸的最佳工艺条件.结果最优树脂为LSA-21型,最佳工艺条件为女贞子溶液浓度为4.0mg/mL,吸附流速为3mL/min,上样量2BV,洗脱剂为无水乙醇,解吸流速为3mL/min,洗脱剂用量为1.5BV.洗脱液经浓缩重结晶得结晶,经与齐墩果酸对照品进行TLC检查及熔点测定,确定其为齐墩果酸.     

低档绿茶对灵芝菌摇瓶发酵的影响

研究了低档绿茶对灵芝菌摇瓶发酵的影响,低档绿茶由于成分多样复杂,一些特殊因子能够促进灵芝菌发酵过程中胞外多糖的合成,但因其多酚类等抗性物质的存在,一定程度上抑制了菌体生长,与对照实验相比,其生物量降低了17.08%,胞外粗多糖增加了42.5%.同时探讨了低档绿茶经过灵芝菌发酵作用后,茶汤中主要呈味成分的变化,实验结果表明:茶多酚降解了64.8%,游离氨基酸总量增加了9.7%、酚氨比降低了67.8%、水溶性灵芝胞外多糖增加,茶汤品质得到很大提高.     

Maximizing the Retention of Ganoderic Acids and Water-Soluble Polysaccharides Content of Ganoderma lucidum Using Two-Stage Dehydration Method

Ganoderic acids and water-soluble polysaccharides are the main bioactive ingredients of Ganoderma lucidum and are heat sensitive. Hence, it is crucial to apply a suitable drying method for the drying of G. lucidum to minimize the loss of these bioactive ingredients. In this study, a two-stage drying method was applied to enhance the drying kinetics, as well as the retention of both ganoderic acids and water-soluble polysaccharides in dried G. lucidum fruiting bodies and slices compared to other single-stage-dried products. The results showed that two-stage drying enhanced the overall drying rate, which consequently shortened the total drying time up to 61 and 330% for fruiting bodies and slices, respectively, compared to single-stage drying methods. Furthermore, two-stage drying of Ganoderma fruiting bodies, which involves 18-h vacuum drying followed by 5-h heat pump drying, maximized the retention of ganoderic acids and water-soluble polysaccharides, with the retention of 97.90% of water-soluble polysaccharides and 4.2% more ganoderic acids than freeze-dried products. On the other hand, drying of Ganoderma slices within the shortest total drying time, which is 10-min heat pump drying followed by 50-min oven drying, also retained most of the ganoderic acids and water-soluble polysaccharides in the dried products; that is, about 80% of water-soluble polysaccharides and 11% more ganoderic acids than freeze-dried slices.     

灵芝孢子油对四氯化碳联合高脂饮食诱导大鼠肝纤维化的作用研究

探究灵芝孢子油(GSO)对四氯化碳(CCl₄)联合高脂饮食诱导的大鼠肝纤维化的改善作用及机制。将雄性SPF级SD大鼠分为空白对照组、模型对照组、阳性药物组和灵芝孢子油低、中、高剂量组(人体推荐量的5、15、30倍)。采用CCl₄联合高脂饲料诱导6周建立大鼠肝纤维化模型,造模过程中灌胃GSO干预8周。通过检测血清生理生化指标和大鼠肝脏组织形态、氧化应激水平、纤维化相关蛋白,评价GSO对肝纤维化的保护作用。研究结果表明,中、高剂量GSO能够显著提升肝纤维化大鼠的存活率,使得大鼠存活率恢复至空白对照组水平。病理染色结果表明,GSO处理的大鼠肝组织纤维化得到不同程度的改善,GSO中、高剂量处理显著降低大鼠肝脏胶原面积占比及面密度。GSO高剂量干预可显著降低大鼠血浆肝功能相关指标(谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总胆红素、碱性磷酸酶)水平,减少血浆中肝纤维化指标(透明质酸、层黏蛋白、Ⅳ型胶原、羟脯氨酸)水平。同时,高剂量GSO干预还显著降低肝组织中丙二醛含量,提高还原型谷胱甘肽含量与超氧化物歧化酶活性,显著升高基质金属蛋白酶-9的表达。研究结果证实,中、高剂量...     

我国灵芝精深加工研究进展

灵芝是我国传统中医中药的瑰宝,具有极高的药用价值,有抗肿瘤、增强免疫功能、降血糖、保肝、抗衰老、抗炎、抗凝血等作用。灵芝产业发展迅速,产品形式多样,有药品、保健食品、化妆品和其他生物敷料等,全球范围内灵芝产品年产值已超过25亿美元。灵芝从中国古代神话进入普通人的生活,从中华大地走向世界各地,在保护人类健康,造福人类的同时,也创造了巨大财富。本文就灵芝精深加工现状、存在问题及发展趋势进行综述,为灵芝产业持续稳定快速发展提供基础。     

灵芝孢子多糖提取工艺优化

采用响应面分析法对灵芝孢子多糖的提取工艺进行优化。考察3个变量(水料比、超声温度、微波时间)对灵芝孢子多糖提取率的影响,并通过响应面设计法确定灵芝孢子多糖提取技术的最佳工艺条件为水料比20∶1,超声提取时间为55 min,微波(200 W,60℃)提取时间20 min,在此条件下测得多糖的提取率为2.23%。     

发酵灵芝粉水提物清除自由基活性及酶解水提法的研究

比较了发酵灵芝粉水提物中几种组分的抗羟基自由基活性 ,相对分子质量 <1万的化合物活性优于相对分子质量 >1万的化合物 ,小肽的活性更好。采用酶解水浸提法可提高水提物的抗羟基自由基活性和得率。酶解的适宜条件为 :4 5℃ ,自然 pH(5 5) ,料液比 1∶10 ,同时加入 2 %的木瓜蛋白酶和 2 %的纤维素酶 ,酶解 2h     

灵芝、姬松茸、黄芪混合多糖配伍茶多酚复合剂免疫增强作用的研究

本文对灵芝、姬松茸、黄芪多糖+茶多酚复合剂对小鼠细胞免疫、体液免疫和非特异免疫功能的增强作用进行研究.健康雄性小鼠分别灌胃给予不同剂量的复合剂,利用绵羊红细胞(SRSC)诱导小鼠DTH(足跖增厚法淞测细胞免疫功能的变化,利用抗体生成细胞(Jeme改良载片法)和半数溶血值(HC50)体液免疫功能的变化,利用小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞试验(滴片法)检测单核-巨噬细胞活性的变化.结果表明低、中和高剂量组灵芝、姬松茸、黄芪多糖+茶多酚复合剂显著增强小鼠细胞免疫功能(P<0.01),中和高剂量组显著增强体液免疫功能和单核-巨噬细胞功能(P<0.05),复合剂对小鼠免疫器官无影响(P>0.05).     

Breaking the spores of the fungus Ganoderma lucidum by supercritical CO2

The hard sporoderm of Ganoderma lucidum spores prevents the release of bioactive components such as polysaccharides which have significant anti-tumour activity. In the present study, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC–CO₂) was used for the sporoderm breaking of G. lucidum spores, and polysaccharides were subsequently extracted and determined for evaluating the performances of SC–CO₂. The operating parameters were optimized by orthogonal array design (OAD), and the morphological status of sporoderm was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The optimum operating conditions for SC–CO₂ breaking of sporoderm were as follows: pressure 35 MPa, temperature 25 °C, time 4 h, and CO₂ flow rate 10 kg/h. After SC–CO₂ processing, the extraction yield of polysaccharides reached 2.98%, which was 3-fold to that of the intact ones (0.94%). This method is fast, efficient and advanced enough to break the hard sporoderm of G. lucidum, which may provide a scientific reference for the large-scale processing of spores in the pharmaceutical and food industries.