马来酸酐在乙丙橡胶上的接枝共聚

马来酸酐在乙丙橡胶上的接枝共聚,用过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂的效果优于偶氮二异丁腈。研究了温度、马来酸酐用量和引发剂用量等对接枝率的影响。用红外光谱和薄层色谱证明了接枝物的存在。用接触角技术测定了接枝物的表面性能。     

生物降解型聚碳酸顺丁烯二酸亚乙酯 1、合成和表征

用CO_2、环氧乙烷、顺丁烯二酸酐进行三元共聚首次得到聚碳酸顺丁烯二酸亚乙酯(PECM),并用IR、~1H NMR、DSC等进行了表征,共聚物链中CO_2和MA单元随机分布,不饱和单元可在0～0.5mol分数之间调节。共聚过程不发生双键交联和构型转化。环氧乙烷的转化率可高达到93％。控制PECM链上的双键含量并使之发生自由基加成反应,得到对热较稳定的可溶性产物。     

马来酸及其酐和衣康酸与PP熔体接枝反应机理的研究

以马来酸酐作对照，用热分析、流变、化学分析等方法，研究了马来酸和衣康酸在非隔氧条件下与ＰＰ熔体催化接枝反应的特点和规律，阐述了单体结构－单元反应相对速率－－接枝产物结构之间的关系，提出了３种接枝物的结构模型。     

Preparation and characterization of polyurethane microcapsules containing n‐octadecane with styrene‐maleic anhydride as a surfactant by interfacial polycondensation

A series of polyurethane microcapsules containing a phase change material (PCM) of n‐octadecane was successfully synthesized by an interfacial polymerization in aqueous styrene‐maleic anhydride (SMA) dispersion with diethylene triamine (DETA) as a chain extender reacting with toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI). The average diameter of microPCMs is in the range of 5–10 μm under the stirring speed of 3000–4000 rpm. Optical and SEM morphologies of microPCMs had ensured that the shell was regularly fabricated with the influence of SMA. FTIR results confirmed that the shell material was polyurethane and the SMA chains associated on core material reacted with TDI forming a part of shell material. The shell thickness was decreasing in the range of 0.31–0.55 μm with the molar ratio of DETA/TDI from 0.84 to 1.35 and the weight of core material increasing from 40 to 80% (wt %). By controlling the weight ratio of PCM as 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% in microPCMs, it was found using DSC that the T_m and T_c of microPCMs were in the range of 29.8–31.0^oC and 21.1–22.0°C and an obvious phase change had been achieved nearly the same temperature range of that of PCM. The results from release curves of microPCM samples prepared by 1.4, 1.7, and 2.0 g of SMA indicated the release properties were affected by the amount of the dispersant, which attributed to the emulsion effect and shell polymerization structure. The above results suggest that the shell structure of microPCMs can be controlled and the properties of microPCMs determined by shell will perform proper practical usage. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4996–5006, 2006     

Synthesis of polypropylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride compatibilizer and evaluation of nylon 6/polypropylene blend properties

Polymer blends based on polyolefins are of a great interest owing to their broad spectrum of properties and practical applications. However, because of poor compatibilities of components, most of these systems generally exhibit high interfacial tension, a low degree of dispersion and poor mechanical properties. It is generally accepted that polypropylene (PP) and nylon 6 (N6) are not compatible and that their blending results in poor materials. The compatibility can be improved by the addition of a compatibilizer, and in this study PP was functionalized by maleic anhydride (MAH) in the presence of an optimized amount of dicumyl peroxide (DCP). The reaction was carried out in the molten state using an internal mixer. Then, once the compatibilizer polypropylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MAH) was prepared, it was added at various concentrations (2.5–10 wt%) to 30/70 glass fibre reinforced N6 (GFRN6) PP, and the mechanical properties were evaluated. It was found that the incorporation of the compatibilizer enhanced the tensile properties (tensile strength and modulus) as well as the Izod impact properties of the notched samples. This was attributed to better interfacial adhesion as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimum in these properties was achieved at a critical PP‐g‐MAH concentration. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

膜催化氧化正丁烷制顺酐

以多孔玻璃管为基体，制备４种用于正丁烷氧化制顺酐的膜反应器。在一定的操作条件下，考察了固定床反应器与这４种膜反应器在正丁烷氧化制顺酐中的反应性能并加以比较，发现ＹＳＺ膜反应器可获得高于固定床反应器的选择性和收率。     

H-PSMA/PVA/PP复合膜的制备及油-水乳液分离性能

通过两步法对聚丙烯（PP）膜进行了亲水改性:首先,通过在碱性条件下水解苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物（PSMA）制备了水解的苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物（H-PSMA）;然后,以聚乙烯醇（PVA）为亲水性改性剂,戊二醛（GA）为交联剂,将H-PSMA/PVA/GA复合材料浸涂在PP基底膜上,制备了亲水性水解苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物/聚乙烯醇/聚丙烯（H-PSMA/PVA/PP）复合膜。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）分析表征了H-PSMA和H-PSMA/PVA/GA的结构;通过测试复合膜表面的静态接触角,探究了PVA和GA含量及成膜溶液的质量浓度等对膜表面润湿性能的影响;最后,测试了复合膜的油水分离效率和重复利用率。结果表明:当GA、PVA和H-PSMA的质量比为0.225∶1∶1,成膜溶液的质量浓度为0.03 g/mL时,所制备的H-PSMA/PVA/PP复合物膜对水包油乳液（O/W）表现出优异的分离性能,初次油水分离效率为99.40%,当重复分离10次后,油水乳液的分离效率仍达到98.83%以上。该复合膜的制备工艺具有安全性好、成本低和环境友好的特点。     

新型阻垢剂IA-SSS-MA聚合物的合成与表征

以衣康酸(IA)、苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)和马来酸酐(MA)为单体,以水为溶剂,过硫酸铵作引发剂,合成了衣康酸-苯乙烯磺酸钠-马来酸酐(IA-SSS-MA)三元聚合物阻垢剂,考察了单体配比、反应温度、引发剂量、滴加时间等对聚合物阻碳酸钙垢效果的影响,结果表明:当单体配比为IA∶SSS∶MA=5∶1∶0.25(摩尔比),反应温度100℃,引发剂量占单体总量13%,滴加时间为5 h,阻碳酸钙垢效果最好,阻垢率达到98.11%。     

MAH接枝EPDM增韧PA66的研究

研究了MAH(马来酸酐)接枝三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM—g-MAH)对尼龙66(PA66)的增韧作用。利用SEM(扫描电镜)观察了共混体系的微观形貌(形态结构)，并运用小角激光散射(SALS)方法研究了EPDM的加入对PA66结晶性能的影响。结果表明，未接枝的EPDM与PA66的相容性很差，而EPDM—g—MAH与PA66相容性明显增加，EPDM-g—MAH粒子均匀分散在PA66中，共混体系力学性能有很大提高。随着EPDM—g—MAH用量的增加，PA66球晶尺寸变小，共混体系界面结合更加紧密。     

顺酐回收技术及发展趋势

顺酐是一种重要的有机化工原料，对国内外顺酐生产工艺中回收技术的发展进行了系统回顾。介绍了部分冷凝技术和水吸收技术的发展，详细介绍了以邻苯二甲酸酯、脂环酸酯和醇3类有机溶剂为主的有机溶剂回收技术的发展。并且结合对目前广泛应用的顺酐回收技术的分析比较，提出了国内外顺酐回收技术的发展趋势以供我国发展顺酐工业之参考。