新型海洋涂料技术

本文综述了符合时代要求的海洋涂料新技术及其发展趋势。     

Research on Marine Boiler＇s Pressurized Combustion and Heat Transfer

The effect of pressure on combustion and heat transfer is analyzed. The research is based on the basic combustion and heat transfer theorem. A correction for the heat calculation method for pressurized furnace is made on the basis of the normal pressure case. The correction takes the effect of pressurizing into account. The results show that the correction is reasonable and the method is applicable to combustion and heat transfer of the marine supercharged boiler.     

KINETICS OF HYDROCARBON GAS GENERATION FROM MARINE KEROGEN AND OIL: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ORIGIN OF NATURAL GASES IN THE HETIANHE GASFIELD, TARIM BASIN, NW CHINA

In this paper we derive kinetic parameters for the generation of gaseous hydrocarbons (C_1‐5) and methane (C₁) from closed‐system laboratory pyrolysis of selected samples of marine kerogen and oil from the SW Tarim Basin. The activation energy distributions for the generation of both C_1‐5 (Ea = 59‐72kcal, A = 1.0×10¹⁴ s^?1) and C₁ (Ea = 61‐78kcal, A = 6.06×10¹⁴ s^?1) hydrocarbons from the marine oil are narrower than those for the generation of these hydrocarbons from marine kerogen (Ea = 50‐74kcal, A = 1.0×10¹⁴ s^?1 for C_1‐5; and Ea = 48‐72kcal, A=3.9×10¹³ s^?1 for C₁, respectively). Using these kinetic parameters, both the yields and timings of C_1‐5 and C₁ hydrocarbons generated from Cambrian source rocks and from in‐reservoir cracking of oil in Ordovician strata were predicted for selected wells along a north‐south profile in the SW of the basin. Thermodynamic conditions for the cracking of oil and kerogen were modelled within the context of the geological framework. It is suggested that marine kerogen began to crack at temperatures of around 120°C (or 0.8 %Ro) and entered the gas window at 138°C (or 1.05 %Ro); whereas the marine oil began to crack at about 140 °C (or 1.1 %Ro) and entered the gas window at 158 °C (or 1.6%Ro). The main geological controls identified for gas accumulations in the Bachu Arch (Southwest Depression, SW Tarim Basin) include the remaining gas potential following Caledonian uplift; oil trapping and preservation in basal Ordovician strata; the extent of breaching of Ordovician reservoirs; and whether reservoir burial depths are sufficiently deep for oil cracking to have occurred. In the Maigaiti Slope and Southwest Depression, the timing of gas generation was later than that in the Bachu Arch, with much higher yields and generation rates, and hence better prospects for gas exploration. It appears from the gas generation kinetics that the primary source for the gases in the Hetianhe gasfield was the Southwest Depression.     

船艇电站仿真与综合管理系统

论文介绍了船艇电站模拟器的组成和实时仿真功能,着重描述了多层次的图形管理系统及其仿真界面。课题将多媒体课件制作与模拟器有机地结合,涵盖了船舶主要电气设备的控制电路,既利于实践训练又便于原理的讲解,并在实践中取得了良好的效果。     

波浪力计算中的一个新边界元方法

本文就波浪与结构物作用问题，提出了一个新的高阶边界元方法。较之Ｅａｔｏｃｋ Ｔｏｙｌｏｒ和Ｃｈａｕ的方法，本文在体内附助积分方程中应用了满足刚性水面条件和弱刚性底面条件的简单格林函数。计算速度相应地有所提高；漂浮结构的积分方程更为简洁；计算结果与Ｅａｔｏｃｋ Ｔａｙｌｏｒ和Ｃｈａｕ的方法具有几乎相同的精度和收敛速度。     

海洋钻修机采用顶驱装置的可行性研究

在简述海洋钻修机采用顶驱的难点及对顶驱的要求后 ,着重分析了意大利Soilmec公司HTD— 2 0 0液压顶驱的结构、技术指标和参数。针对HZJ30海洋钻修机井架采用前开口、直立无绷绳、双节套装式结构 ,自身不具备较强抗扭能力的特点 ,提出安装顶驱需适当加固井架下体 ,在井架上部采用柔性连接 ,在井架下部采用刚性支架的安装型式。最后对海洋钻修机顶驱的使用环境及预计效果做了初步分析。     

孤东油田的海油陆采进展

孤东油田极浅海区域新发现几个边际油藏。其中垦东401块水深-2m,距陆地2.7km,为稀油、疏松砂岩油藏,试油获14～25t/d工业油流。在三维地震、测井约束地震反演、数值模拟和油藏经营管理评价基础上编制了产能建设方案,通过修筑海公路、人工岛、丛式井组、大位移水平井、采用数据采集与控制的远程测控和紧急关断技术,能够无人职守、遥测遥控,整体实现了海油陆采。有效动用地质储量233×104t,钻井12口,建成年产油4×104t能力,累产油8.6×104t。目前在垦东12人工岛上钻打了26口井,推广了海油陆采经验。     

船舶腐蚀与防腐涂装的特点

本文论述了船舶腐蚀与防腐涂装的特点，工艺及配套。     

Spray Coating of 2- and 3-D Solid Substrates Using a Sulfated Polysaccharide for Marine Antifouling Applications

Marine antifouling coating using functional polymers has emerged as an important tool to combat marine fouling. Owing to their natural abundance, polysaccharides represent a more sustainable option than synthetic polymers and carrageenan, a sulfated polysaccharide, is identified as a promising candidate for further research based on its excellent marine antifouling properties. However, existing research has only explored the application of carrageenan-based coatings for 2D objects, using techniques such as spin-coating. Here, a spray-coating method is proposed to apply carrageenan-based coatings to the surfaces of 2- and 3-D objects. The coated surfaces exhibit high stability under various chemical/physical stresses and high resistance to protein adsorption and marine diatom adhesion.     

高压粉末制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定海洋沉积物中28种组分

常规粉末压片制样是一种简单、高效的绿色环保制样技术,但是应用于某些沉积物样品制备存在样片表面粗糙和粉末容易脱落的问题。实验采用高于常规的压力进行样品制备,建立了X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)分析海洋沉积物样品中包括硫、氧化钠、氧化镁、三氧化二铝、二氧化硅、五氧化二磷、氧化钾、氧化钙、二氧化钛、氧化锰、三氧化二铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、钒、铬、镓、铌、锆、钇、锶、铷、铅、钡、镧、钕和铪在内的28种主、微量组分的方法。探讨了压力为300 kN和1 600 kN时的制样效果,并尝试引入BP神经网络模型利用其非线性拟合能力校正主量组分的基体效应。结果表明,采用1 600 kN压力制备的样片,表面致密、光滑、不龟裂和不掉粉,制样重复性和测试精密度也有较大提高。以55个有证标准物质中17种组分的数据集为训练样本,建立了海洋沉积物样品中主、微量组分的遗传算法-BP神经网络预测模型。按照实验方法对各组分含量相对较低的实际样品连续测试12次,计算得方法的检出限在 0.63～634 μg/g之间;精密度试验结果表明,各组分测定值的相对标准偏差(RSD, n=7)为0.16%～25.1%。方法用于海洋沉积物实际样品分析,其分析结果与国标法的测定结果吻合,能够满足海洋沉积物样品中多种组分准确分析的要求。