Automated classification of simulated wind field patterns from multiphysics ensemble forecasts

In this study, we have proposed an automated classification approach to identify meaningful patterns in wind field data. Utilizing an extensive simulated wind database, we have demonstrated that the proposed approach can identify low‐level jets, near‐uniform profiles, and other patterns in a reliable manner. We have studied the dependence of these wind profile patterns on locations (eg, offshore vs onshore), seasons, and diurnal cycles. Furthermore, we have found that the probability distributions of some of the patterns depend on the underlying planetary boundary layer schemes in a significant way. The future potential of the proposed approach in wind resource assessment and, more generally, in mesoscale model parameterization improvement is touched upon in this paper.     

材料化学工程科学内涵及方法初探:从介观尺度界面流体行为出发认知材料

作为一门新兴的交叉学科,材料化学工程科学内涵的进一步凝练和方法论的建立显得十分重要和迫切。介观尺度下界面流体的研究对于材料化学工程具有重要意义,材料化学工程的科学内涵在于通过认识介观尺度下界面处流体行为来"认知"材料,以期建立材料结构、性能(应用)与制备(生产)三者之间的关系。其中,弄清介观尺度下复杂作用和复杂结构对界面流体行为的影响,是"认知"材料的关键。分子模拟技术作为单因素遴选介观尺度各影响因素的有效手段,在实际应用中存在两大难点:如何同时获得界面流体反应和传递两个方面的信息;如何实现分子层面认识在材料应用层面的转化。基于此,初步讨论了材料化学工程研究方法的发展趋势。     

TYPHOON PROCESS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE SURFACE CIRCULATION IN THE NORTHERN SOUTH CHINA SEA

A severe typhoon Utor,occurring between July 3 and 8,2001,brought heavy rainfall,strong wind and storm surge.Utor was responsible for tremendous destruction and economic losses in Philippines,Taiwan and Guangdong.An air-sea model system (MM5 and Princeton Ocean Model(POM))was built to simulate meteorological dynamics and ocean circulation in the South China Sea(SCS).In the POM the output of MM5 was used as the input data.With an increased number of vertical levels,a high-resolution planetary boundary layer scheme and updated landuse/vegetation data,the accuracy of computing wind,temperature and other meteorological fields are improved in near surface and upper levels in MM5 simulations.The simulated trajectory and wind speed of Utor are close to the observed results.The simulated distribution of rainfall is accorded well with measured data in the Pearl River Delta(PRD)area.At different meteorological stations in Hong Kong,the wind,temperature and sea surface pressure are well simulated.The simulated ocean surface current and surface temperature fields have an obvious rightward-biased response to the typhoon Utor,and the maximum velocity and the lowest temperature region appear in the 30 km of the right side of the typhoon track.The typhoon Utor could make the water 50m under the surface ocean unwell to surface and the ocean surface temperature decrease by about 2°C.     

中尺度气象站网探测数据的UDP报文传输方法分析与研究

中尺度气象站网覆盖面积广,探测数据时空分辨率高,可服务于工农业生产和灾害监测预警。针对观测网发报终端数量大,报文频次密集且长期连续发报,传输实时性、可靠性要求严格的特点,使用GPRS网络通讯模块建立效率高但可靠性无保障的UDP连接方式,依靠数据中心和发报端的交互机制,实现气象探测资料可靠传输。在安徽省地面气象探测网的应用表明,数据到报率符合中国气象局相关业务规范的要求。     

Numerical and experimental investigation of the mesoscale fracture behaviour of quenched steels

During heat treatment processes, especially during quenching, cracks may form because of the presence of high thermal and mechanical stresses and strains. Notwithstanding the fact that increasingly detailed modelling for heat treatment is being performed (considering, i.a., grain size, creep and transformation plasticity), homogeneous microstructures are still normally assumed. Chemical and hence structural inhomogeneities are not commonly explicitly considered, which is especially accentuated in the case of real parts simulation because of the resulting numerical problem's size. Intensive quenching on a cylindrical specimen of 100Cr6 (SAE) steel is proposed here to experimentally investigate the microcrack generation. A finite element based model is proposed to numerically evaluate the fracture behaviour in a two‐step simulation. First, by solving the quenching problem in direct correspondance with the experimental test performed, and second, by studying the mesoscale response taking into account the influence of second phase particles in a representative volume element based approach. The maximum principal stress criterion is used to trigger the fracture by means of the extended finite element method at the mesoscale. The trend to form cracks in the surface region, experimentally observed, has been well captured by the model. The influence of carbides sizes and content on the mesoscale fracture response has been numerically analysed as well. A good agreement has been reached between the simulations and the experimental results, exhibiting the potential of the introduced approach to be used as a failure prediction methodology.     

遥感图像中尺度海洋锋及涡旋提取方法研究进展

目的 中尺度海洋锋及涡旋均是重要的中尺度海洋环境特征。中尺度海洋锋及涡旋的提取及其时空分布、变化的研究对海洋生态系统的研究、渔业资源评估、渔情预报及军事等都有重要意义。遥感技术能在同一时间获取大面积海洋要素观测数据,遥感数据具有优良的连续性、同步性,因此遥感数据被广泛应用于中尺度海洋锋及涡旋提取的研究中。方法 对基于遥感数据进行中尺度海洋锋提取的梯度法、Canny算法、小波分析法和基于引力模型的方法,以及涡旋的提取的Okubo-Weiss法（OW法）、Winding-Angle法（WA法）、基于海面高度的无阈值等值线法和Hybird Detection（HD法）进行总结和分析,并提出对中尺度海洋锋面及涡旋提取方法的见解及新思路。结果 利用2014年2月南海北部海表温度（SST）数据,分别采用梯度法中的Gradient法、Sobel算法以及Canny算法对南海北部温度锋进行提取并得到该区域温度锋分布图。结果 明在多种锋面提取方法中,Canny算法具有较高的效率且其提取结果的连续性和精度更好。中尺度涡的提取方法中,WA法的提取结果具有更好的准确性。早期的中尺度涡提取方法忽略了多中心结构涡旋存在的情况,而后来的HD法能较好地识别多中心结构涡旋。结论 阈值选取是中尺度海洋锋及涡旋提取的难点和提取结果好坏的关键。然而海洋要素图像弱边缘的特点使得传统边缘检测方法不一定适用于中尺度锋提取。文章通过对不同锋面及涡旋提取方法的总结与分析,为海洋锋面及涡旋提取的研究提供了参考依据。     

Data-driven modeling of mesoscale solids stress closures for filtered two-fluid model in gas–particle flows

This study performs data-driven modeling of mesoscale solids stress closures for filtered two-fluid model (fTFM) in gas–particle flows via an artificial neural network (ANN) based machine learning method. The data used for developing the ANN-based predictive data-driven modeling framework is systematically filtered from fine-grid simulations. The loss function optimization result reveals that coupling two loss functions promotes more accurate predictions of the mesoscale solids stresses than using a single loss function. Further comprehensive assessments of closure markers demonstrate a systematic dependence of the mesoscale solids stresses on the filtered particle velocity and its gradient as additional anisotropic markers, instead of using the conventional isotropic filtered rate of solid phase deformation as a closure marker. An optimal three-marker mesoscale closure is thus proposed. Comparative analysis of the conventional filtered model and present three-marker model shows that the data-driven model can substantially enhance the prediction accuracy.     

气固流化床介尺度结构形成机制及过滤曳力模型研究进展

气固流化床中,介于颗粒与宏观尺度间的复杂的时空多尺度结构（介尺度结构）将完全改变气固相间作用规律,加大了流态化系统调控及预测的难度。为此,需要构建考虑结构影响的相间本构关系。其中,曳力作为影响流态化动力学特征的主导因素,对其研究尤为重要。从结构产生演化的机制出发,概述结构影响曳力的机理,以模型构建流程的角度对结构和过滤两类模型进行总结,并重点综述过滤模型构建在提升准确性、有效性、通用性和考虑更多物理机制方面的最新进展。研究表明：提升模型通用性和考虑真实系统中更丰富的物理机制仍是建模中亟待解决的问题,结合结构演化机制理性建模和充分发挥机器学习数据分析处理优势或是曳力建模进一步发展的关键。     

A lattice Boltzmann simulation of mass transport through composite membranes

Composite membranes with a porous support layer and a dense skin layer have been extensively used in gas separation processes. A new approach, a mesoscale Lattice Boltzmann Simulation approach, is proposed and used to model the pore‐scale gas flow and mass transfer in the inhomogeneous membrane matrixes studied. Only physical forces are considered. Chemical forces are equivalently converted to physical forces through the relaxation time. Selective permeation of moisture through a composite membrane is modeled. The overall permeability is evaluated. It is found that mass transfer inhomogeneity exists not only in the porous media but also in the seemingly uniform dense skin layer. Increasing the diffusivity in the skin layer is more effective than decreasing the skin layer thickness in optimizing the overall membrane performance. The new approach gives more detailed insights into the directions for future design of composite membranes for gas separations like air dehumidification. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3925–3938, 2014     

Toward a mesoscale‐structure‐based kinetic theory for heterogeneous gas‐solid flow: Particle velocity distribution function

Mesoscience has recently been proposed as a possible general concept for describing complex systems far from equilibrium, however, concrete formulations are needed, and particularly, a statistical mechanics foundation of mesoscience remains to be explored. To this end, the mathematical theory of stochastic geometry is combined with the energy minimization multi‐scale (EMMS) principle under the concept of mesoscience to propose a statistical mechanics framework. An EMMS‐based particle velocity distribution function is then derived as an example to show how the proposed framework works, and more importantly, as a first key step toward a generalized kinetic theory for heterogeneous gas‐solid flow. It was shown that the resultant EMMS‐based distribution is bimodal, instead of the widely‐used Maxwellian distribution, but it reduces to the Maxwellian distribution when the gas‐solid system is homogeneous. The EMMS‐based distribution is finally validated by comparing its prediction of the variance of solid concentration fluctuation and granular temperature with experimental data available in literature. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2649–2657, 2016