生物质车用燃料

回顾分析了国外微藻生物柴油、秸秆乙醇汽油、新一代生物质汽油的新进展和工业化过程面临的挑战及对策。并建议要根据我国生物质原料供应、科研基础,开展国际合作,力争在2015年建成微藻生物柴油、秸秆乙醇汽油、生物质汽油工业示范装置,为以后的大发展奠定基础。     

利用水网藻对微藻的抑制作用净化源水

通过围养水网藻并利用其代谢物抑制周围微藻的生长，同时采用人工收获水网藻的方式去除N、P等营养物质，是一种有效净化水源地水质的生态工程措施。     

富营养化水体中微藻的生物控制技术发展动态

详细介绍了水体微藻的生物控制方法的发展动态。根据抑制微藻生物种类以及作用机制的不同,将生物法抑藻分为:大型藻抑制微藻、病毒抑制微藻、细菌抑制微藻、高等植物抑藻以及生态法抑制微藻。详细叙述了这5种抑藻方法及其国内外研究现状,并分析了这几种方法的不足。指出今后的生物抑藻技术研究方向是寻求一种控制藻类和氮磷去除相结合的方法,以取得藻类过度繁殖的短期和长期控制。     

Chlorophyll and carotenoid composition of the algal flora developed under immobilized conditions—Influence of the support

The amount and type of pigments of the algal microflora developed in four pilot high rate waste water treatment ponds have been studied. The conditions for culture development included: immobilization supports of silica type, such as sepiolite and montmorillonite, as well as culture development in the absence of support, under different environmental conditions. Qualitative differences were not found between the pigments present in any of the biomass studied. However, individual HPLC quantification of the main pigments showed clear differences depending on the source of the algal microflora. In consequence, very small changes in the culture conditions produced significant changes in the pigment content, without drastic changes in other parameters such as dry matter content, due to the selective changes of algal species.     

废水养殖高油微藻的研究进展

本文对适合繁殖于废水中的常见高油微藻的品种、生存条件、处理废水能力、油脂含量及其产油率进行详细介绍,并阐述了在利用废水养殖微藻过程中的重要影响因素如温度、pH、氮、磷等,对高油微藻的繁殖生长和其含油量的影响,从而进一步展示出废水用于养殖高油微藻的可行性,最后简述了现利用不同废水的特性和用于养殖微藻的研究状况和实例,提出了在该现状下我们亟待解决的相关技术问题,为今后用废水养殖高油微藻的研究提供参考。     

Large-scale open pond algae biomass yield analysis in India: a case study

Global warming, depletion of fossil fuel and increasing demand for energy have led to the substantial interest in developing alternate energy sources, especially biodiesel. First generation biofuels produced from food crops and oil seeds are limited to achieve targets for biodiesel production. Second generation biofuel produced from non-food feed stock such as microalgae provides various potential advantages for biofuel production when compared with first generation biofuels. This paper investigates the possible use of microalgae for biofuel production on the selected potential sites in the country. Algal biomass and oil yield for the selected sites are predicted using the analytical method.     

微藻细胞的连续泡沫分离法采收

为考察连续泡沫分离法采收微藻细胞的可行性 ,在一种斜臂泡沫分离装置上 ,以螺旋藻为模型藻种 ,较为详细地研究了载气流率、藻液进料流率、浓度、pH值、离子强度、乙醇浓度、进料位置、泡沫段与液相段高度之比等因素对泡载采收性能的影响。结果表明 :在载气流率、藻液进料流率或藻液浓度较低时采收性能良好 ;当 pH值为 11、离子强度为 1 3× 10 ⁴ μs·cm^-1、乙醇浓度为 3%(体积 )时泡载收率可达 2 5 %～ 45 %;采用泡沫相段进料有利于提高泡载采收性能。提出的连续泡载采收动力学模型与实验值拟合较好 .     

Short communication: The effect of substituting fish oil in dairy cow diets with docosahexaenoic acid-micro algae on milk composition and fatty acids profile

The effects of substituting fish oil (FO) with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-micro algae on milk chemical and fatty acid composition were examined in this study. Twenty-four Holstein cows in mid lactation grazing on an alfalfa-grass based pasture were divided into 4 treatment groups (6 cows/treatment) and supplemented with 7 kg/d grain mix plus 350 g of soybean oil and one of the following: 1) 150 g of FO, 2) 100 g of FO plus 50 g of algae, 3) 50 g of FO plus 100 g of algae, or 4) 150 g of algae. Cows were fed treatment diets for 3 wk, and milk samples were collected from each cow during the last 3 d of the study. Milk production (17.96, 17.56, 17.55, and 19.26 kg/d for treatment diets 1 to 4, respectively), milk fat percentages (3.17, 3.49, 3.74, and 3.43%), and milk protein percentages (3.35, 3.50, 3.71, and 3.42%) were similar between treatment diets. Concentrations (g/100 g of fatty acids) of milk cis-9 trans-11 (c9t11) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; 3.41, 3.69, 4.47, and 4.21 for treatment diets 1 to 4, respectively) and vaccenic acid (11.80, 12.83, 13.87, and 13.53) were similar between treatment diets. Results of this study suggest that DHA-micro algae can partially or fully substitute FO in a cow's diet without any adverse effects on milk production, milk composition, or milk c9t11 CLA content. The DHA-micro algae may be used as a viable alternative for FO in cow's diet to modify rumen biohydrogenation to increase milk c9t11 CLA content.