Gyrotactic microorganisms bioconvection in combined convective magnetohydrodynamic Casson nanofluid flow over a vertically surfaced saturated porous media with variable viscosity

The current article focuses on mass and thermal transfer analysis of a two-dimensional immovable combined convective nanofluid flow including motile microorganisms with temperature-dependent viscosity on top of a vertical plate through a porous medium, and a model has been developed to visualize the velocity slip impacts on a nonlinear partial symbiotic flow. The governed equations include all of the above physical conditions, and suitable nondimensional transfigurations are utilized to transfer the governed conservative equations to a nonlinear system of differential equations and obtain numerical solutions by using the Shooting method. Numerical studies have been focusing on the effects of intricate dimensionless parameters, namely, the Casson fluid parameter, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, Peclet number, bioconvection parameter, and Rayleigh number, which have all been studied on various profiles such as momentum, thermal, concentration, and density of microorganisms. The concentration boundary layer thickness and density of microorganisms increased as the Casson fluid parameter, Brownian and thermophoresis parameters increased, whereas the bioconvection parameter, Peclet number, and Rayleigh number increased. The thermal boundary layer thickness, concentration boundary layer thickness, and density of microorganisms all decreased. The velocity distribution decreases as the Peclet number, bioconvection, and thermophoresis parameters rise but rises as the Rayleigh number, Brownian motion parameter, and Casson fluid parameter rise. These are graphed via plots along with divergent fluid parameters.     

Mathematical modeling of growth of Salmonella spp. and spoilage microorganisms in raw oysters

The main objective of this study was to develop the primary and secondary models to describe the growth kinetics of Salmonella as well as background microorganisms in raw, shucked oysters. Samples, inoculated with a cocktail of two Salmonella serotypes, S. Typhimurium (CICC22956) and S. Enteritidis (CICC21482), were incubated at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 25, 30, 33, 37, 40, and 43 °C. Growth of Salmonella was observed at all temperatures, except at 4 °C. The background microorganisms grew at all temperatures. All growth curves clearly exhibited lag, exponential and stationary phases, and were analyzed using the Huang growth model. Three secondary models (Ratkowsky square-root, Huang square-root, and Cardinal parameter models) were compared for evaluating the effect of temperature on bacterial growth rates. Data analysis was performed using IPMP 2013, a free predictive microbiology software tool developed by the USDA ARS.The Cardinal parameters model underestimated the specific rates of the microorganisms at low temperatures. The Huang square-root model was more suitable than the Ratkowsky square-root model for describing the effect of temperature on growth of Salmonella, while the Ratkowsky square-root model, on the other hand, was more suitable for background microorganisms. For both Salmonella and background microorganisms, the logarithms of the lag phase were expressed as linear functions of the logarithms of specific growth rates. The results of this study can be used by the food retailers and regulatory agencies to estimate the microbial shelf-life of raw, shucked oysters.     

EM发酵饲料中主要微生物类群的动态变化

对EM发酵饲料中乳酸杆菌、酵母菌、大肠菌群、腐败菌等微生物类群的动态变化进行了研究。结果表明 :饲料经EM发酵后 ,乳酸杆菌大量增加 ,发酵第4天达到最大值(9.5×108CFU·g-1 饲料) ,大肠菌群与腐败菌被明显抑制。并认为细菌总数与酵母菌数量不能作为评价EM发酵饲料质量好坏的指标。     

大凌河流域典型水生植物微生物群落吸附特征试验分析

本文采用高通测序方法对大凌河流域五刺金鱼藻、格菱、狐尾藻、水蓼及芦苇5种水生植物不同季节的微生物群落进行试验分析,分析表明:藻类密度在沉水植物表层要高于浮叶植物表层,微生物群落在浮叶植物根部的结构与其表面存在明显差异。各水生植物的优势生物群落依次为变形菌、梭菌、柔膜菌、鞭脂杆菌、杆菌、疣微菌门,且各微生物群落在季节丰度上存在明显差异性。由此可见,水环境对生物群落的影响要高于植物类型。研究成果可为大凌河流域生态修复工程提供重要理论依据。     

Bioleaching of chalcocite by mixed microorganisms subjected to mutation

Mixed microorganisms with elevated activity of chalcocite-leaching were screened by mutation methods. The original microorganisms collected from acid mine drainage of different sites were mixed and then treated with mutagens NO₂⁻, diethyl sulfate (DES), UV and their combinations, respectively. Five groups of mixed microorganisms with much stronger ore-leaching ability were obtained by screening on the leaching media. Among them, group E of mixed microorganisms (treated with 1% DES for 60 min) with the best performance on chalcocite-leaching, increases the content of Cu²⁺ by 101.4% in 20 d of leaching compared with the control culture. In addition, group E is more tolerant to Cu²⁺ in media than the control without mutation treatment. Analysis for the diversity of microbial clones indicates that half of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in group E are Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. These observations suggest that group E might have potentials for industrial application. Foundation item: Project(50321402) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(2004CB619201) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China     

磺酰脲类除草剂的微生物降解

微生物降解是磺酰脲类除草剂降解的重要途径之一。笔者对磺酰脲类除草剂微生物降解途径及影响微生物降解的因素进行了分析，对磺酰脲类除草剂微生物降解的研究现状做了简要综述，提出了微生物降解领域的发展趋势和有待解决的问题。     

BOD微生物传感器关键技术及其发展

生化需氧量(BOD)是表征水中有机污染物含量的重要指标,对水质监测和生化过程控制具有重要意义.总结了构成BOD检测系统的各环节,阐述了BOD微生物传感器中微生物选取、固定化以及换能器等关键技术,分析了不同方法的特点,讨论了目前BOD微生物传感器在研究中遇到的主要问题,并对其发展方向进行了展望.     

Individual-based modeling of soil organic matter in NetLogo: Transparent,user-friendly,and open

Soil organic matter dynamics are essential for terrestrial ecosystem functions as they affect biogeochemical cycles and, thus, the provision of plant nutrients or the release of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Most of the involved processes are driven by microorganisms. To investigate and understand these processes, individual-based models allow analyzing complex microbial systems' behavior based on rules and conditions for individual entities within these systems, taking into account local interactions and individual variations. Here, we present a streamlined, user-friendly and open version of the individual-based model INDISIM-SOM, which describes the mineralization of soil carbon and nitrogen. It was implemented in NetLogo, a widely used and easily accessible software platform especially designed for individual-based simulation models. Including powerful means to observe the model behavior and a standardized documentation, this increases INDISIM-SOM's range of potential uses and users, and facilitates the exchange among soil scientists as well as between different modeling approaches.     

苯磺隆和2,4-D胁迫对土壤微生物影响的研究

以盆栽试验研究了除草剂苯磺隆、2,4-D对石灰性褐土中土壤微生物群落的影响。结果表明,在供试浓度下,土壤微生物对两种除草剂的感应存在一定的差异性。苯磺隆高浓度处理在最初3d极显著地抑制细菌生长,之后对土壤细菌具有刺激作用,特别是培养结束时激活率还高达917.6%,低浓度处理呈极显著的刺激作用;苯磺隆对土壤放线菌具有显著的刺激作用,对土壤真菌有强烈的抑制作用,最高抑制率达100%,到培养结束时(60d)真菌数量还未恢复到对照水平。2,4-D处理对土壤放线菌具有明显的抑制、激活的波动性,对土壤细菌、真菌有强烈的抑制作用。