Chemistry and Toxicology of Major Bioactive Substances in Inocybe Mushrooms

Mushroom poisoning has always been a threat to human health. There are a large number of reports about ingestion of poisonous mushrooms every year around the world. It attracts the attention of researchers, especially in the aspects of toxin composition, toxic mechanism and toxin application in poisonous mushroom. Inocybe is a large genus of mushrooms and contains toxic substances including muscarine, psilocybin, psilocin, aeruginascin, lectins and baeocystin. In order to prevent and remedy mushroom poisoning, it is significant to clarify the toxic effects and mechanisms of these bioactive substances. In this review article, we summarize the chemistry, most known toxic effects and mechanisms of major toxic substances in Inocybe mushrooms, especially muscarine, psilocybin and psilocin. Their available toxicity data (different species, different administration routes) published formerly are also summarized. In addition, the treatment and medical application of these toxic substances in Inocybe mushrooms are also discussed. We hope that this review will help understanding of the chemistry and toxicology of Inocybe mushrooms as well as the potential clinical application of its bioactive substances to benefit human beings.     

云南省一起热带紫褐裸伞中毒事件调查及毒素鉴定

目的 对一起热带紫褐裸伞中毒事件进行快速毒素筛查和对患者临床症状及治疗进行讨论,以期为此类事件的处置及临床救治提供参考。方法 利用超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱对中毒事件剩余的毒蘑菇进行检测,根据流行病学调查方法,收集病例资料,并结合调查结果和患者的肝肾功能指标进行分析。结果 从中毒患者食用的热带紫褐裸伞中检测出裸盖菇素及毒蝇碱,患者症状与裸盖菇素和毒蝇碱中毒症状相似,表现为幻觉、恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻等,肝肾功能指标正常。结论 此次中毒事件是由热带紫褐裸伞中的裸盖菇素及毒蝇碱引起。     

超高效液相色谱串联四级杆飞行时间质谱法检测毒蘑菇中4种常见毒素含量

目的 建立超高效液相色谱串联四级杆飞行时间质谱法快速检测毒蘑菇中毒蝇碱、毒蝇母、鹅膏蕈氨酸、脱磷酸裸盖菇素4种强毒性毒素含量的分析方法。方法 新鲜蘑菇样品经过一系列的前处理后, 待测样品经ACQUITY UPLC BEH Amide色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)分离, 以甲醇-5 mmol/L乙酸铵水(20:80, V:V)为流动相进行梯度洗脱, 流速为0.3 mL/min, 柱温为26 ℃, 外标法定量检测。结果 在一定浓度范围内, 4种毒素的线性关系良好, 相关系数大于0.999, 3水平加标回收率为86.7%~110.6%, 相对标准偏差为3.5%~6.2%, 检出限为0.0002~5.0 μg/mL。结论 该方法灵敏、准确、特异性好, 适用于蘑菇中毒蝇碱、毒蝇母、鹅膏蕈氨酸、脱磷酸裸盖菇素的检测。