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排序方式: 共有645条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
《Journal of dairy science》2022,105(5):4128-4143
Our objective was to evaluate the effects of unprotected choline chloride (Cho) on the ruminal microbiome at 2 dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations. We hypothesized that the effects of Cho on ruminal bacterial populations would depend on NDF. Eight dual-flow continuous-culture fermentors were arranged in a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square as a 2 × 2 factorial with the following treatments: (1) 30% NDF-control (30% NDF diet, no supplemental choline); (2) 30% NDF-Cho (30% NDF diet plus 1.9 g of choline ion per kg of dry matter); (3) 40% NDF-control (40% NDF diet, no supplemental choline); and (4) 40% NDF-Cho (40% NDF diet plus 1.9 g of choline ion per kg of dry matter). We did 4 fermentation periods of 10 d each and used the last 3 d for collection of samples of solid and liquid digesta effluents for DNA extraction. Overall, 32 solid and 32 liquid samples were analyzed by amplification of the V4 variable region of bacterial 16S rRNA. Data were analyzed with R (R Project for Statistical Computing) and SAS (SAS Institute Inc.) to determine effects of Cho, NDF, and NDF × Cho on taxa relative abundance. The correlation of propionate molar proportion with taxa relative abundance was also analyzed. At the phylum level, relative abundance of Firmicutes in the liquid fraction tended to be greater when Cho was supplemented with a 30% NDF diet. At the order level, Cho increased Coriobacteriales in solid fraction and decreased Fibrobacterales in liquid fraction. Moreover, Cho decreased abundance of Clostridiales and increased Selenomonadales in the solid fraction, only with the 30% NDF diet. For genera, lower abundance of Pseudobutyrivibrio resulted from Cho in solid and liquid fractions. Greater abundance of Succinivibrio in solid and Selenomonas and Selenomonas 1 in liquid resulted from Cho with the 30% NDF diet. Propionate molar proportion was positively correlated with relative abundance of order Selenomonadales in solid and liquid fractions, and with genus Succinivibrio in solid and genera Selenomonas and Selenomonas 1 in liquid. Our results indicate that Cho primarily decreases abundance of bacteria involved in fiber degradation and increases abundance of bacteria mainly involved in nonstructural carbohydrate degradation and synthesis of propionate, particularly when a diet with 30% NDF is provided. 相似文献
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María Clara Verdi Constanza Melian Patricia Castellano Graciela Vignolo Mariana Blanco Massani 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2020,55(1):267-275
The effectiveness of antimicrobial mixtures against Listeria innocua 7, used as a L. monocytogenes surrogate, was investigated in broth and a food system. Synergistic effects were found for nisin (Nis), potassium sorbate (PS), calcium propionate (CP) and sodium lactate (SL), Nis + PS being the most effective binary mixture that exhibited listericidal activity in broth. To assess the effect of adding lactocin AL705 (AL705) to Nis + organic acid salt combinations, tridimensional isobolograms were generated. Sub-MIC combinations of the antimicrobials exerted bactericidal activity against L. innocua 7 after AL705 addition to the binary mixtures. However, when applied on Sardo cheese contaminated with L. innocua 7 (initial inoculum 4.45 ± 0.06 CFU g−1), only Nis + PS + AL705 produced count reductions respect to the control, reaching 3.04 ± 0.35 CFU g−1 counts after 15 days at 15 °C. Ternary combinations containing AL705 showed potential to reduce antimicrobial usages for L. innocua 7 inhibition. 相似文献
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用对苯二甲酸残渣合成混合苯二甲酸二丁酯的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以脱除轻组分的对苯二甲酸(TA)残渣与正丁醇为原料,通过酯化反应并对粗产物进行常压和减压蒸馏后制得混合苯二甲酸二丁酯.考察了压力、温度、时间及醇酸比(正丁醇与TA残渣中二元酸的摩尔比)等反应条件对酯化产物收率的影响.结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:反应压力0.5 MPa,反应温度230℃,醇酸比2.8:1.0,反应时间5 h.在此条件下,酯化产物的收率最高,约为93%.制得的混合苯二甲酸二丁酯的产品质量基本符合工业常用增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的质量要求. 相似文献
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TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化合成丙酸正丙酯 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化丙酸与正丙醇的酯化反应,探讨了催化剂用量,反应时间及醇酸摩尔比对酯收率的影响。当醇酸摩尔比为1.3:1,催化剂的量为醇酸总质量的1.5%。反应时间为1.0h,酯产率可达71.4%以上,采用该催化剂合成丙酸正丙酯不仅酯化反应温度低,反应时间较短,催化剂用量少,而且可较好地回收利用,可降低成本;因此,TiSiW12O40/TiO2是合成丙酸正丙酯的优良催化剂,具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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Vapour-phase reactions of, in situ, prepared formaldehyde with methyl propionate were studied using X, Y and ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts. Base properties of these zeolites were enhanced by KOH or NaN3 treatment. The niobium and molybdenum ZSM-5 zeolite supported oxides were also tested for their catalytic activity. The results are discussed in terms of an ability of zeolite catalysts to synthesize methyl methacrylate. 相似文献
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固体酸催化合成苯甲酸正丁酯 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
论述了利用对甲苯磺酸,磺化苯磷酸锆,六水三氯化铁,氧化亚锡,十二水合硫酸铁铵,一水硫酸氢钠,固体超强酸和杂多酸等各种固体催化剂催化合成苯甲酸正丁酯的方法。研究发现:各种催化剂的催化效果良好,酯收率达74%以上,有的甚至达97.8%。同时对各种催化剂的催化机理进行了初步探讨,对各种固体酸的催化效果也进行了比较。 相似文献
10.
自行研制了氰乙基(25%,质量分数)甲基硅橡胶(XE-60)石英毛细管色谱柱。建立了对含游离酸的丙二醇单甲醚丙酸酯的色谱分析方法。该法具有分离效果好,分析速度快的优点。 相似文献