纳米Fe粉的制备研究

总结了纳米Fe粉的制备方法,重点介绍了一种新的制备方法——封闭循环氢还原法。该方法以FeSO·47H2O和NaOH为原料,采用沉淀方法制备粒径为30～70nm的Fe2O3粉末,其反应条件为:反应温度50℃,反应终点pH值大于12,陈化时间1h。用封闭循环氢还原法,在400℃下还原Fe2O3得到了Fe粉。其粒径在20～50nm之间,含量为99.16%。     

水解-水热体系中同质异构TiO2纳米晶生成机理的分子模拟研究

在实验研究的基础上,采用分子模拟的方法,对在水解-水热体系中TiO2纳米颗粒晶相生成原理进行了系统的模拟计算和建模研究,文章介绍了分子模拟软件Hyperchem的计算方法,建立了钛离子水解过程和能量分布模型,利用模拟计算和模型,直观和定量分析了水解中间产物、水热晶化过程以及最终产物间的关系。研究了pH值对同质异构相成因的影响机理;静电场作用对同质异构相生成的影响。考察了水合络离子的连接方式,指出顶角连接与棱边连接保持到最终产物的结构中。从能量的角度揭示了同质异构TiO2晶型成因。     

室温固相合成掺杂ZnO纳米粉体制备ZnO压敏电阻

以金属离子盐和草酸为原料,采用室温固相化学反应合成掺杂ZnO前驱物,根据DSC-TG分析结果,将其在450℃热分解2 h,得到掺杂ZnO粉体,并用此粉体制备了片式ZnO压敏电阻。借助XRD、TEM、BET等检测手段对粉体产物的物相、形貌、粒度等进行了表征。研究了烧结温度对ZnO压敏电阻电性能的影响。结果表明,所制备的粉体为平均粒径24 nm左右、颗粒呈球状、分散性好的纤锌矿结构掺杂ZnO。在1 080℃烧结时,ZnO压敏电阻的综合电性能达到最佳,电位梯度为791.64 V/mm,非线性系数为24.36,漏电流为43μA。     

封闭循环氢还原法制备纳米钨粉

通过对WO3氢还原过程的热力学分析,找到了制备均匀细颗粒W粉的热力学途径-彻底快速除去还原系统中的水分。通过系统内的特殊装置除水,降低了还原温度,以WO3为原料,用封闭循环氢还原法,在600℃下还原得到了W粉,其粒径在(20～60)nm之间熏纯度为99.76%。     

Influence of Plasma Instabilities in Ceramic Suspension Plasma Spraying

Direct current Suspension Plasma Spraying (SPS) allows depositing finely structured coatings. This article presents an analysis of the influence of plasma instabilities on the yttria-stabilized suspension drops fragmentation. A particular attention is paid to the treatment of suspension jet or drops according to the importance of voltage fluctuations (linked to those of the arc root) and depending on the different spray parameters such as the plasma forming gas mixture composition and mass flow rate and the suspension momentum. By observing the suspension drops injection with a fast shutter camera and a laser flash sheet triggered by a defined transient voltage level of the plasma torch, the influence of plasma fluctuations on jet or drops fragmentation is studied through the deviation and dispersion trajectories of droplets within the plasma jet. This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference and has been expanded from the original presentation. It is simultaneously published in Global Coating Solutions, Proceedings of the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference, Beijing, China, May 14-16, 2007, Basil R. Marple, Margaret M. Hyland, Yuk-Chiu Lau, Chang-Jiu Li, Rogerio S. Lima, and Ghislain Montavon, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2007.     

Processing of alumina and zirconia nano-powders and compacts

Magnesia–doped alumina and yttria–doped zirconia nano-powders were synthesized using sucrose as a chelating agent and template material from the aqueous solutions of aluminium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, ytrrium nitrate and zirconyl nitrate, respectively. Synthesis parameters were optimized with varying sucrose to metal ion ratio, calcinations time, and temperature to produce these nano-powders. As-synthesized powders were characterized by room temperature X-ray diffraction, BET surface area analyzer and transmission electron microscopy. Y₂O₃–ZrO₂ nano-powders had particle size in the range of 80–200 nm with specific average surface area of 119 m²/g and for MgO–Al₂O₃ powders, particle sizes were 30–200 nm with the specific average surface area of 250 m²/g. Our results indicate that this synthesis method is a versatile one and can be applied to a variety of oxide-based materials to form nano-powders. Nano-powders were compacted uniaxially and densified in a muffle furnace. Sintered discs were used for hardness testing and density measurements, as well as for microstructural characterization.     

抗氧化纳米铜粉的制备及表征

超细铜粉在以铜代银并在电子浆料、陶瓷材料和化工催化剂等材料的制备中具有较好的应用前景。本研究用Vc作还原剂，PVP，PVA和PAA作为保护剂并在反应前预先配成还原剂／保护剂体系，用于铜氨溶液的还原，可以得到粒度分布均匀的纳米铜粉。所得铜粉用油酸钝化可以有效地防止铜粉的表面氧化。反应温度和n(保护剂)：n(Cu)值对铜粉颗粒的粒径和形状影响很大，当n(PVP)：n(Cu)处于0．03～0．1时，铜颗粒基本上为长方体形。PVA和PAA作为保护剂时所得铜粉颗粒的形状为非球形的n(保护剂)：n(Cu)的范围分别为0．02～0．09和0．02～0．08。其原因可归于高分子分散剂对铜粒子的部分保护作用。     

溶胶-凝胶K_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_3陶瓷的高温XRD研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法成功制备出K0.5Bi0.5TiO3(KBT)纳米微粉,并利用此微粉烧结出成瓷良好的KBT陶瓷。用XRD法测定了KBT陶瓷粉末室温和高温(600°C)时的点阵常数,确定KBT的高温相为立方结构(点群为m3m)并指标化其衍射线,给出了KBT陶瓷粉末的多晶XRD数据。     

Fabrication of BaTiO3 nanoparticles and its formation mechanism using the high temperature mixing method under hydrothermal conditions

Barium titanate (BaTiO₃) single-crystalline nanoparticles have been prepared via high temperature mixing method (HTMM) under hydrothermal conditions. The crystallized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), filed emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Raman spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The BaTiO₃ nanoparticles can be prepared at dilute KOH as compared with the method mixed at room temperature. The results show that the stoichiometric BaTiO₃ nanoparticles were synthesized at [Ba/Ti]_solution = 1. The high temperature will significantly narrow the solubility difference between the barium and titanium sources and leads to a burst nucleation from the solution. The defect mechanism is used to illustrate the time-dependent transformation from cubic to tetragonal phase.     

锆钛酸铅纳米陶瓷粉体的低温水热合成

使用TiO2粉体、ZrOCl2.8H2O、Pb(NO3)2为原料,KOH为矿化剂,Pb/(Zr Ti)=1.0,在160℃下反应3 h,获取了分散性较好的锆钛酸铅纳米粉体。用X-射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜等测试手段分析了实验结果,结果表明,所得锆钛酸铅纳米粉体颗粒为四方晶相钙钛矿结构,呈立方体状,粒子粒径为0.5~2.0μm,同时分析了在本实验条件下锆钛酸铅纳米粉体可能的合成机理。