Tb掺杂对纳米TiO_2光催化活性的影响

以溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2和掺杂Tb的TiO2(Tb-TiO2),用X射线衍射、示差扫描量热、热重分析、红外光谱和荧光光谱等技术对纳米TiO2和Tb-TiO2的结构进行了表征;考察了以纳米TiO2及Tb-TiO2为催化剂光催化氧化环己烷合成环己酮和环己醇的情况。表征结果表明,掺杂Tb后明显抑制了TiO2中锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,提高了TiO2催化剂的热稳定性,晶格发生了膨胀现象,晶格膨胀可有效降低光生载流子的复合几率,减小晶粒尺寸,提高光催化活性;光催化氧化环己烷的实验结果表明,与TiO2催化剂相比,Tb-TiO2催化剂的环己烷转化率和环己酮、环己醇的选择性大幅度提高,表明Tb-TiO2催化剂的光催化活性和光催化效率提高。     

纳米TiO2复合涂料研究概况

综述了纳米TiO2复合涂料的研究进展，着重介绍了纳米TiO2抗菌防污、耐老化型纳米复合涂料。提出了纳米复合涂料中存在的问题，并指出纳米复合涂料的研究方向。     

PP/TiO2纳米复合材料的研制及其抗老化机理分析

制备了聚丙烯(PP)／TiO2纳米复合材料,用氙灯耐气候试验机对该复合材料进行人工加速老化试验。采用紫外一可见光光谱法分析了纳米TiO2等粉体材料的紫外吸收性能;分析了PP／TiO2纳米复合材料的红外光谱并探讨了抗老化机理;对比研究了纯PP和PP／TiO2纳米复合材料老化期间力学性能的变化规律。结果表明,纳米TiO2能赋予PP优异的耐候性能,延长制品的户外使用寿命。     

反胶束溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO_2

以石油醚为溶剂,用反胶束溶胶-凝胶法合成稳定的反胶束纳米TiO2溶胶,考察影响反胶束纳米TiO2溶胶稳定性的因素,得到稳定性较好、颗粒小、粒径分布较窄的纳米TiO2粒子。实验结果表明,采用非离子表面活性剂Span85失水山梨醇三油酸酯/Tween80聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇单硬脂酸酯构成的反胶束,当溶水量(n(水)∶n(Span85/Tween80))等于0.1时,透明反胶束纳米TiO2溶胶室温稳定时间超过180d。透射电镜表征结果表明,纳米TiO2粒子的粒径为15～60nm,粒径分布较窄,粒子分布指数为1.19～1.29;X射线光电子能谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱表征结果表明,TiO2粒子的结构为TiO2-x(OH)2x,TiO2粒子为表面具有一定数量钛羟基的水合TiO2。     

Sliding Wear of the Hybrid Kevlar/PTFE Fabric Reinforced Phenolic Composite Filled with Nano-titania

The Kevlar/polytetrafluroethylene(Kevlar/PTFE) fabric composite can be used as a self-lubricating liner of the self-lubricating bearing.Many types of nano-particles can improve the tribological performance of the polymer-based composite.Unfortunately,up to now,published work on the effect of nano-particles on the tribological performance of the fabric composite which can be used as a self-lubricating liner is quite scarce.Therefore,for the purpose of exploring a way to significantly improve the tribological performance of the fabric composite,the tribological performance of the Kevlar/PTFE fabric composite filled with nano-titania is evaluated by using the block-on-ring wear tester.The scanning electron microscopy is utilized to observe the morphologies of worn surfaces of the fabric composites and the counterparts.The tensile properties of the composites are evaluated on the universal material testing machine.The test results show that the addition of nano-titania at a proper mass fraction of the matrix resin improves the wear resistance and the tensile strength,decreases the friction coefficient,and makes the wear volume of the composite reach a relative steady state more quickly;plastic deformation and microcutting are important for the wear of the fabric composite;a lubricating layer is formed on the worn surface of the composite during sliding,and the lubricating layer is critical for the tribological performance of the composite;the formation and properties of the lubricating layer are influenced by the nano-titania particles.The proposed study on the effect of nano-titania on the tribological performance of the Kevlar/PTFE fabric composite,especially on the evolution of the worn surface of the composite,provides the basis for further understanding of the influence mechanism of the nano-particles on the tribological performance of the composite and explores a method of improving the tribological performance of the composite.     

壳聚糖/纳米TiO_2复合涂膜对鲜切荸荠保鲜作用研究

采用壳聚糖/纳米TiO_2作为复合涂膜剂,低温(0～4℃)条件下对鲜切荸荠进行涂膜处理,测定鲜切荸荠贮藏过程中失重率、V_C含量、褐变度(BD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性等的变化。结果表明:壳聚糖/纳米TiO_2复合涂膜可有效降低果实的水分、V_C等成分的损失,延缓荸荠褐变的发生,从而延长鲜切荸荠的货价保藏期。     

无机杂化海藻酸钠渗透汽化膜的制备与分离性能对比

为提高海藻酸钠（SA）膜的渗透汽化分离性能,分别采用纳米氧化铝、纳米氧化锆和纳米氧化钛对SA膜进行改性,对比分析了3种不同杂化膜渗透汽化分离性能的差异,并将分离性能较好的杂化膜应用到乙酸与乙醇酯化反应脱水的体系中。系统考察了无机纳米粒子含量对SA膜渗透汽化分离性能的影响,对杂化膜进行了接触角、傅里叶红外（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、热重/差示扫描量热（TG/DSC）、X射线衍射（XRD）和拉伸强度等表征与分析。结果表明,无机纳米粒子能提高SA膜的热稳定性、机械强度和渗透通量,当无机纳米粒子与SA质量比为0.3时,掺杂TiO₂、ZrO₂和Al₂O₃的杂化膜二碘甲烷的接触角依次升高,同时渗透通量也依次升高。SA-0.3Al₂O₃杂化膜亲水性较好,然而SA-0.3ZrO₂杂化膜分离性能最优,50℃下分离水含量10%的乙醇-水溶液,膜渗透通量达到336 g·m^-2·h^-1,渗透侧水含量99.97%,分离因子29990。酯化反应脱水实验表明,在80℃时,酯化反应脱水实验乙酸转化率均高于无脱水实验乙酸转化率,平衡转化率不断被打破,反应12 h后,转化率由平衡时的79.3%提高到93.9%。     

The Effect of Surface-modified Nano-titania on the Ultraviolet Aging Properties of Bitumen

The effect of surface modification of nano-titania on ultraviolet (UV) aging properties of bitumen was investigated. The results show that γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy) propytrimethoxysilane is bound on the surface of nano-titania according to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The dispersion stability of nano-titania in bitumen is improved by surface modification of nano-titania. Viscosity aging index values and carbonyl indexes of the bitumen are decreased by adding nano-titania. After surface modification, the UV aging resistance of nano-titania modified bitumen can be further improved. The result suggests that nano-titania can be effectively used as a modifier to improve the UV aging resistance of bitumen.     

纳米TiO2在有机材料上的固定化研究进展

对纳米TiO₂在有机材料上的固定化研究进展进行了概述，并就光催化氧化对有机材料的降解等问题进行了讨论。主要介绍了光活性纳米TiO₂的制备方法、纳米TiO₂在有机材料上的固定化方法、纳米TiO₂对有机膜的降解以及纳米TiO₂/有机复合材料的应用领域，并对纳米TiO₂在抗菌方面的应用前景进行了阐述。     

纳米二氧化钛对铸造铝铜合金微弧氧化膜层性能的影响

借助X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电导率测试仪、覆层测厚仪、显微硬度仪、VSP电化学工作站和数控磨损试验机等分析手段,探究在硅酸盐电解液中加入不同含量的纳米TiO2对铸造铝铜合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜层微观结构、厚度、显微硬度、耐腐蚀性及耐磨性的影响。结果表明,硅酸盐电解液中加入的纳米TiO2参与并促进了微弧氧化反应,使得膜层的缺陷减少,致密度提高,膜层中的α-Al2O3含量增加,从而改善了铸造铝铜合金微弧氧化膜层的综合性能。当纳米TiO2的添加量为3 g/L时,膜层的厚度为69μm,显微硬度达510 HV,极化电阻Rp提高了23倍,摩擦因数较低(约为0.22),耐蚀性及耐磨性较佳。