Preparation,crystallization, and spinnability of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/silica nanocomposites

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/silica nanocomposites were successfully prepared by in situ polymerization. Silica nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in the process of polymerization. By means of hot‐stage polarization microscope and DSC, the influence of nanosilica on the crystallization of PET/silica nanocomposites has been clarified. The results show that nanosilica does not behave as a nucleating agent in PET but postpones the appearance of crystallite. This phenomenon is very favor to improve spinnability. The investigation on melt spinning of PET/silica nanocomposites also shows that it is advantageous to spinning with descending the spinning temperature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2564–2568, 2007     

制备纳米SiO2的配方优化

以工业硅酸钠为原料、盐酸为沉淀剂、聚乙二醇(PEG)为表面活性剂、硅烷偶联剂γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570)为改性剂,在复合剪切力场下,用化学沉淀法制备了纯纳米SiO2和原位进行改性的改性纳米SiO2。分析了乙醇与水体积比、硅酸钠浓度、盐析剂用量、溶液pH值、改性方法、表面活性剂或改性剂的加入量等对纳米SiO2型貌的影响。对制备纳米SiO2的配方进行了优化,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和粒径分析仪等对产品进行表征。结果表明,复合剪切力场下化学沉淀法制备纳米SiO2的优化配方为:乙醇与水的体积比1﹕4,硅酸钠的质量分数约12%,PEG,KH570和氯化钠的质量约为理论制备纳米SiO2所需质量的40%,5%～10%和30%,最佳pH值约等于9。     

The characteristics of hot mixed asphalt modified by nanosilica

The objective of this research is to investigate the characteristics of the hot mixed asphalt modified by 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% nanosilica by weight of binder. Marshall stability, dynamic creep, and indirect tensile tests were used to study effects of nanosilica on performance characteristics of the mixtures. Results showed that nanosilica can improve Marshall stability, resilient modulus, indirect tensile strength, and fatigue life compared to unmodified mixtures. However, the tensile strength ratio parameter in the moisture sensitivity tests indicated a decrease in the resistance of the modified mixtures against moisture damage.     

Barrier effect of flame retardant systems in poly(methyl methacrylate): Study of the efficiency of the surface treatment by octylsilane of silica nanoparticles in combination with phosphorous fire retardant additives

In this work, flame retardant systems comprising ammonium polyphosphate (AP423) and hydrophilic (A200) or hydrophobic (R805) nanometric silica were incorporated into PMMA. The following techniques were performed to detail the fire behaviour of the composites: mass loss cone calorimetry, pyrolysis‐combustion flow calorimetry, pyrolysis‐gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and microscopic observations. The best fire behaviour was obtained with the surface‐treated silica in the presence of AP423. The formation of a new crystalline phase from the interactions between AP423 and R805 silica and a strong barrier effect due to a layered residue were the main modes of action of this system. Moreover, we have shown that the difference between the AP423 + R805 and AP423 + A200 systems was due to poor dispersion of the silica into the PMMA matrix in the latter formulation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimization of colloidal nanosilica production from expanded perlite using Taguchi design of experiments

Colloidal nanosilica was prepared from perlite in two stages: production of wet gel and thermal peptization. The influence of acidic and alkaline solutions concentration, temperature and pH of the gel were investigated in wet gel production using Taguchi design of experiments. Effect of the temperature of the peptization process was studied by full factorial design. The purity of the obtained silica gel was analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and the colloidal silica was characterized by dynamic laser scattering (DLS), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and N₂ sorption analyses. Results showed that pure colloidal nanosilica with purity of 99% was produced and the particle size of the product was in the range of 8 nm and 74 nm. Specific surface area of dried optimized mesoporous sample was 74.28 m²/g.     

纳米二氧化硅透水混凝土新拌流变及硬化性能

针对传统透水混凝土工作性能不佳和强度偏低的问题,研究了纳米二氧化硅改性透水混凝土的新拌流变性能与硬化性能.结果表明:纳米二氧化硅能够改善新拌透水混凝土中浆体的黏聚性并减少振动时浆体的向下流动,当纳米二氧化硅质量分数达到1.00%时,透水混凝土中浆体的塑性黏度和触变环面积分别提高了64.74%和235.96%;纳米二氧化硅能够通过提高浆体强度来改善透水混凝土的抗压强度,当纳米二氧化硅质量分数超过0.50%后,其对透水混凝土抗压强度的增强效果不再明显;纳米二氧化硅还可以略微提高透水混凝土的透水性能,推测与纳米二氧化硅使得透水混凝土在竖直方向上的孔隙均匀分布有关.     

Nanosilica Supported Dual Acidic Ionic Liquid as a Recyclable Catalyst for the Rapid and Green Synthesis of Polycyclic Phenolic Compounds

Generally ionic liquids have gained increasing attention in organic synthesis as catalyst and solvent. However, there are some drawbacks, including the difficulties in the product purification, ionic liquid recycling, and use of excess amounts of the expensive ionic liquid when the ionic liquid is used in the organic reactions. In addition, the high viscosity of ionic liquids can lead to mass transfer limitations in fast chemical reactions. These problems can be overcome by the use of supported ionic liquid phases. In this article, a simple, efficient and green method has been developed for the synthesis of bisphenolic antioxidants by the reaction of 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol and aldehydes in the presence of nanosilica supported dual acidic ionic liquid (NSSDAIL) as robust and reusable catalyst under solvent-free conditions. Three different NSSDAILs were synthesized and characterized using SEM, BET, IR, and XRD techniques. High yields of the products, short reaction times, use of a non corrosive, non toxic and reusable catalyst, and use of solvent-free condition are the worthwhile advantages of the current method.     

聚醋酸乙烯酯/纳米SiO_2复合乳液的制备与性能

采用原位乳液聚合法制备了聚醋酸乙烯酯／纳米二氧化硅复合乳液。考察了纳米二氧化硅在聚醋 酸乙烯酯乳液内及乳胶膜中的分散性:纳米二氧化硅用量对复合乳液性能的影响。结果表明:与普通乳液相 比,复合乳液的干态粘接强度和耐水性明显提高。     

Synthesis of colloidal nanosilica from waste glass powder as a low cost precursor

Waste glass powder was used as a low cost precursor for production of colloidal nanosilica for the first time. The process includes production of wet silica gel and thermal peptization of the wet gel. Purification of the glass powder and wet gel production were initiated by acid washing. The obtained powder was reacted with sodium hydroxide to produce wet silica gel. Type of the applied acid was examined in one factor at a time route. Temperature of the alkaline step and concentrations of the applied acid and base were investigated using Taguchi design of experiments. After finding the best combination of the investigated factor levels in production of the wet gel, time of the stabilization in thermal peptization was studied. Characterizations of the wet gel and colloidal silica were performed by XRF, DLS, FESEM, TEM, FTIR and N₂ sorption evaluation. Accordingly pure and stable colloidal nanosilica (98.50%) with average particle size of 21.9?nm was produced from the glass powder successfully. Specific surface area of the dried porous optimum sample was 83.63?m²/g.     

Polyethylene nanocomposites by gas‐phase polymerization of ethylene in the presence of a nanosilica‐supported zirconocene catalyst system

BACKGROUND: Much of the current research related to the development of in situ nanocomposites of olefins by polymerizing them with metallocenes in the presence of surface‐treated fillers is carried out in the slurry phase. In slurry‐phase methods a large amount of solvent is required and there is always a need of purification of the final product due to the possibility of traces of solvents present in the product. To overcome these drawbacks, to perform solvent‐free metallocene‐catalysed polymerizations with in situ incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles, we have used a gas‐phase polymerization technique as this does not require solvents and also utilizes monomer feed stocks efficiently. RESULTS: The catalyst used for the synthesis of in situ polyethylene nanocomposites by gas‐phase polymerization was nanosilica‐supported zirconocene. The fillers used were Cloisite‐20A, kaolin and nanosilica. Three different in situ polyethylene nanocomposites, i.e. Cloisite‐20A‐filled polyethylene (CFPE), kaolin‐filled polyethylene (KFPE) and nanosilica‐filled polyethylene (SFPE), were prepared by gas‐phase polymerization. The nanocomposites were obtained in the form of fine powder. The polyethylene content in the developed nanocomposites is in the orthorhombic crystalline phase. Using our approach, it is observed that the nanofillers are completely encapsulated by a thin layer of polyethylene. Significantly higher molecular weight polyethylene was formed in the case of KFPE in comparison to CFPE and SFPE. The thermal decomposition temperature, melting temperature and enthalpy are also observed to be higher for KFPE. CONCLUSIONS: The gas‐phase polymerization technique has been successfully carried out for the synthesis of in situ polyethylene nanocomposites. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry