Sex pheromone communication in the nematode,Rhabditis pellio

Both males and females ofRhabditis pellio release pheromones that attract the opposite sex prior to copulation. A quantitative bioassay for the female-produced pheromone was designed, based on male movement toward a pheromone source placed at one end of a 10-mm strip of bacterial material maintained on nutrient agar in a petri plate. Females produced pheromone from the age at which they attained the adult stage (3 days following hatching from the egg) and maintained a relatively constant production level until at least the ninth day of life. Similarly, males became responsive to the female pheromone by the third day and remained responsive through the ninth day, although the time required for the males to migrate toward a female pheromone source increased with increasing age. No daily rhythm of pheromone responsiveness by males or pheromone production by females was observed when the nematodes were conditioned to a 1212 h light-dark cycle.     

6%增效阿罗蒎兹微乳剂防治黄瓜根结线虫

用6%增效阿罗蒎兹微乳剂(有效成分:苦豆子水提取物、阿维菌素)处理温室土壤防治黄瓜根结线虫试验表明:阿罗蒎兹微乳剂可较好地控制黄瓜根结线虫危害.阿罗蒎兹微乳剂7.5、15.0、22.5 L/hm2三个处理,药后90 d土壤中2龄幼虫减退率分别为-12.23%、31.50%、43.52%,而对照药剂1.8%阿维菌素15 L/hm2处理的线虫减退率为-37.65%.药后90 d 6%增效阿罗蒎兹微乳剂及各处理防治效果分别为54.52%、70.16%、74.84%.而对照药剂为50.81%.阿罗蒎兹微乳剂可有效地控制黄瓜根结线虫的危害,有较高的推广应用价值.     

Variation in host susceptibility and infectiousness generated by co-infection: the myxoma-Trichostrongylus retortaeformis case in wild rabbits.

One of the conditions that can affect host susceptibility and parasite transmission is the occurrence of concomitant infections. Parasites interact directly or indirectly within an individual host and often these interactions are modulated by the host immune response. We used a free-living rabbit population co-infected with the nematode Trichostrongylus retortaeformis, which appears to stimulate an acquired immune response, and the immunosuppressive poxvirus myxoma. Modelling was used to examine how myxoma infection alters the immune-mediated establishment and death/expulsion of T. retortaeformis, and consequently affects parasite intensity and duration of the infection. Simulations were based on the general TH1-TH2 immunological paradigm that proposes the polarization of the host immune response towards one of the two subsets of T helper cells. Our findings suggest that myxoma infections contribute to alter host susceptibility to the nematode, as co-infected rabbits showed higher worm intensity compared with virus negative hosts. Results also suggest that myxoma disrupts the ability of the host to clear T. retortaeformis as worm intensities were consistently high and remained high in old rabbits. However, the co-infection model has to include some immune-mediated nematode regulation to be consistent with field data, indicating that the TH1-TH2 dichotomy is not complete. We conclude that seasonal myxoma outbreaks enhance host susceptibility to the nematode and generate highly infected hosts that remain infectious for a longer time. Finally, the virus-nematode co-infection increases heterogeneities among individuals and potentially has a large effect on parasite transmission.     

科尔沁沙地黑沙蒿人工植被土壤线虫群落特征

本文针对科尔沁沙地黑沙蒿人工植被土壤线虫的总数、群落组成、营养类群进行了研究。结果表明,随着黑沙蒿种植年限的增加,土壤线虫数量显著增加。不同年限黑沙蒿植被之间土壤线虫总数差异显著(P<0.01)。在本研究中共获得线虫13科19属,其中Acrobeles为优势属。在半流动沙丘生态系统中,植物寄生线虫为优势营养类群;而在黑沙蒿人工植被生态系统中,线虫群落逐渐向以食细菌线虫占优势的方向演替。本实验结果表明,土壤线虫群落结构对退化沙漠生态系统的恢复阶段具有很好的生物指示作用。     

云南烟草根结线虫病发生及防治研究

烟草根结线虫病（Ｍｅｌｏｉｄｏｇｙｎｅｓｐｐ）是云南旱地烤烟的主要病害，全省发病面积４０余万亩，发病烟田减产３０％～４５％。省地两级组成研究组于１９９０～１９９３年开展研究，获得病原线虫发生三代，南方根结线虫为优势种群，少孢节丛孢菌能捕食病原线虫。亩施１０％克线磷３ｋ７防效５１％；１５％铁灭克７００７防效５８．７％；５％涕灭威２１００ｇ防效与铁灭克相近。实施深耕施肥用药等综合防治，田间防效达７６·１７％。     

Suppression of plant parasitic nematodes in the chinampa agricultural soils

Soil from the chinampa agricultural system in the Valley of Mexico suppressed damage by plant-parasitic nematodes to tomatoes and beans in greenhouse and growth chamber trials. Sterilization of the chinampa soil resulted in a loss of the suppressive effect, thereby indicating that one or more biotic factors were responsible for the low incidence of nematode damage. Nine organisms were isolated from chinampa soil, which showed antinematodal properties in culture. Naturally occurring populations of plant-parasitic nematodes were of lower incidence in chinampa soil than in Chapingo soil.     

Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy in fungus-nematode interaction

A comparative study has been made of different preparation techniques used for the scanning electron microscope (SEM), with regard to their application to fungus-nematode interaction. The preparation of frozen-hydrated specimens of both healthy and Arthrobotrys-oli-gospora-infected second-stage larvae of the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne sp.) is described, and the results are compared with those obtained by critical point-drying and freeze-drying. In all cases the frozen-hydrated specimens consistently showed the best preservation.