Comparison between photocatalytic ozonation and other oxidation processes for the removal of phenols from water

Photocatalytic ozonation (1O₃ + VUV + TiO₂), ozonation (O₃), catalytic ozonation (O₃ + TiO₂), ozone photolysis (O₃ + VUV), photocatalysis (TiO₂ + VUV) and photolysis (VUV) have been compared in terms of formation of intermediates, extent of, mineralization (TOC, COD, chloride, nitrate) and kinetics in the aqueous treatment of three phenols (phenol, p‐chlorophenol and p‐nitrophenol). In all cases, photocatalytic ozonation led to lower degradation times for chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon removal. Intermediates formed were similar in the different oxidation systems with some exceptions. They can be classified into three different types: polyphenols (resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone), unsaturated carboxylic acids (maleic and fumaric acids) and saturated carboxylic acids (glyoxylic, formic and oxalic acids). First order kinetic equations have been checked for the oxidation processes studied in the case of the parent compound. Rate constants of these systems have also been calculated. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

正交法合成邻硝基苯酚最佳反应条件实验探讨

以苯酚硝酸钠和浓硫酸为原料，合成邻硝基苯酚和对硝基苯酚，产率一般很低，讨论了以硝酸钠和浓硫酸为原料，在醋酸介质下进行硝化反应合成邻硝基苯酚同时提取对硝基苯酚。通过正交法确定最佳反应条件，并对实验结果进行讨论。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱法测定兵器工业生产废水中14种硝基酚类物质残留浓度

为了满足环境水样中痕量硝基酚类污染物检测的要求,在硝基酚快速检测中应用Bond Elut Plexa新型固相萃取柱,建立了快速同时测定兵器工业生产环境水样中三硝基苯酚(苦味酸PA)、三硝基间苯二酚(斯蒂酚酸TNR)和三硝基均苯三酚(TNPG)等14种硝基酚的超高效液相色谱分析方法。水样样品采用固相萃取柱净化,上样5.0 m L,并最终用3.0 m L四氢呋喃洗脱,洗脱液浓缩转溶剂后采用色谱分析。选择全氟苯基色谱柱,以乙腈和乙酸铵及0.1%甲酸作为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长为220 nm,在优化的固相萃取前处理和液相色谱分离分析条件下,净化效果满足要求。14种硝基酚类化合物在22 min内实现完全基线分离,在0.1~20 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.997 3~0.998 7;检出限为0.02~0.04 mg/L,回收率为82.5%~104.8%,相对标准偏差3.2%~5.7%.本方法已成功应用于生产环境水中实际样品的分析。     

对硝基苯酚钠生产工艺分析研究

文章以对硝基苯酚钠生产过程作为研究对象,分析生产中的关键控制点,进一步优化工艺参数,达到节能减排、降低能耗的目的。     

2,3-二氟-6-硝基苯酚的合成工艺

研究了２,３,４－三氟硝基苯在碱性水溶液中制备２,３－二氟－６－硝基苯酚的新工艺,探讨了反应温度、碱量及浓度等对水解反应的影响,获得了合成２,３－二氟－６－硝基苯酚较佳的工艺条件,总收率≥８３％     

Preparation of a novel phthalimidomethylated polysulfone/unmodified polysulfone blend affinity membrane and applications for removal of p‐nitrophenol

A novel phthalimidomethyl polysulfone (PIPSf)/polysulfone(PSf) blend affinity membrane was prepared and applied for the removal of p‐nitrophenol from aqueous solutions. In this work, the chloromethylated polysulfone (CMPSf) was used to introduce phthalimido groups onto the polysulfone backbone by Gabriel reaction. The polymers can be easy to phthalimidomethylate to different degrees by control of the reaction temperature and time. Structures of the resulting polymers were confirmed by FT‐IR. The obtained polymers showed good solubility in dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and formed the affinity membrane blending with polysulfone at different blend compositions by the phase‐inversion method. Thus the properties of films were characterized with respect to water flux, pore size, and porosity. The surface and cross‐sectional views of the blend membranes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The research on treatment of removal p‐nitrophenol was carried out by affinity membrane process. The adsorption capacity increased with increasing the initial concentration of p‐nitrophenol in aqueous solution, and the adsorption isotherm fitted the Freundlichmodel well. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

2,3-二氟-6-硝基苯酚的合成动力学

探讨了三氟硝基苯水解制备２,３－二氟－６－硝基苯酚的反应机理,推导出２,３－二氟－６－硝基苯酚的合成动力学方程,其速度方程可表达为ｒ＝ｋｃＡｃＢ。从实验数据得到反应活化能Ｅａ＝１１６．７ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,反应速度常数ｋ＝２．９６×１０１７ｅｘｐ（－１１６．７／ＲＴ）。用建立的动力学方程去预测不同条件下的转化率,计算值与实验值相比较１５个数据点的平均相对误差小于５．４％     

难降解有机物对硝基苯酚的电化学氧化工艺研究

研究了难降解有机物对硝基苯酚的电化学氧化的电解工艺和降解机理 实验结果表明 :在碱性条件 (pH =10 )下 ,以自制PbO2 为阳极 ,电极面积为 1cm2 ,,保持电流密度 30mA/cm2 电解 134min ,2 0 0mL对硝基苯酚溶液 ,浓度从 2 0 0mg/L降低到 1mg/L以下 ,COD去除率 10 % ,BOD/COD值达到0 .6 3 这种工艺操作简单 ,且无二次污染     

Synthesis of p-nitrophenol under normal pressure with A-1 phase transfer catalysis

ｐ ｎｉｔｒｏｐｈｅｎｏｌｉｓａｋｉｎｄｏｆｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｉｎｔｅｒｍｅ ｄｉａｔｅ,ｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｉｎｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ ,ｐｅｓｔｉｃｉｄｅｓ,ｄｙｅ[1 2 ] ,ｃａｍｅｒａａｎｄｓｏｏｎ .Ｉｔｗａｓｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｔｈａｔｐ ｎｉｔｒｏｐｈｅｎｏｌｃｏｕｌｄｂｅｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｚｅｄｆｒｏｍｐ ｎｉ ｔｒｏｃｈｌｏｒｏｂｅｎｚｅｎｅｔｈｒｏｕｇｈａｌｋａｌｉｎｅｈｙｄｒｏｌｙｓｉｓ[3 5 ] ,ｂｕｔｉｔｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｄａｔｈｉｇｈｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅａｎｄｕｎｄｅｒｈｉｇｈｐｒ…     

硝基苯酚废水处理工艺的试验研究

研究了高浓度、高含盐的硝基苯酚废水治理方法．采用树脂吸附及电解氧化进行试验研究．结果表明：（１）ＸＤＡ—Ⅱ型大孔吸附树脂对废水中硝基苯酚的吸附率几近１００％,树脂再生率和硝基苯酚回收率均达９５．４％,吸附对ＣＯＤ的去除率达４４．１％．（２）吸附出水经填充床电解处理,ＣＯＤ去除率达５２．２％．电解处理后,废水的厌氧可生化性显著提高．