Effects of added Cd on Cd uptake by oilseed rape and pai-tsai co-cropping

The experiment was designed to study whether the decrease of Cd in the rhizosphere of Zhongyouza Ⅰ,one breed of oilseed rapes （Brassicajunica） that can hyperaccumulate cadmium from the soil, can improve the living condition of less Cd-tolerant plant pai-tsai （Brassia chinensis） with their roots permitted to intermingle and develop coincident rhizosphere. The extent of rhizosphere interactions between Zhongyouza Ⅰ and pai-tsai was controlled by different root barriers, or without barrier. The results show that in the 10 and 20 mg/kg Cd treated soils, pai-tsai gets higher shoot mass and less Cd accumulation in its shoot than in the barrier treatments or in the mono cultures, when its roots are permitted to intermingle with those of Zhongyouza Ⅰ. Meanwhile, soil decontamination rates of Zhongyouza Ⅰ are not affected much by co-cropping with pai-tsai, they are 80.0% and 91.8% of that in the mono cultures of Zhongyouza Ⅰ, respectively. However, the co-cropping method in meliorating the living condition of pai-tsai is not obvious when Cd concentration in soil reaches 40 mg/kg, and soil decontamination rate decreases to 0.14, which is 58.3% of that in the mono culture. These results indicate that the oilseed rape Zhongyouza Ⅰ may alleviate Cd toxicity of surrounding less-tolerant species, and its ability of phytoremediation is not affected much at the same time, especially in the middle polluted soil.     

Fatty acid and phytosterol accumulation during seed development in three oilseed species

This study was carried out to compare the kinetic accumulation of bioactive lipids during seed development in three oil crops rapeseed, sunflower and woad. Field experiments were conducted under organic conditions during 3 years. After flowering, seeds were collected each 4–5 days until harvest. The three species differed by the quantity and quality of both fatty acids and sterols. Higher levels of phytosterols and fatty acids were reached between 20 and 40 days after flowering (DAF) in sunflower, 40 and 60 DAF in rapeseed and 25 and 45 DAF for woad. The modification of lipid composition during the grain filling depends on species. Knowledge of the composition and accumulation of fatty acids and phytosterols in sunflower, rapeseed and woad seeds would assist in efforts to achieve industrial applications. These seeds may give an interesting source of bioactive lipids.     

分散固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定植源性油料油脂中67种除草剂

目的 建立分散固相萃取结合液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定油料油脂中 67 种除草剂残留的检测方法。方法 选取花生、大豆、油菜籽、花生油、大豆油及菜籽油为典型基质试样,经 1% 甲酸-乙腈提取,通过乙二胺基-N-丙基和无水 MgSO₄分散固相萃取净化。以甲醇和 5 mmol/L 乙酸铵(含 0. 1% 甲酸)为流动相梯度洗脱,采用 C₁₈色谱柱分离,ESI 离子源正负离子模式同时进行多反应监测(MRM),基质标准曲线外标法定量。结果 基质加标试验结果表明,0. 000 5～0. 08 mg/L 浓度范围内 67 种除草剂线性良好,决定系数(R²)均>0. 992,定量限(LOD)为 0. 005～0. 02 mg/kg。3 个加标水平下(LOD、2LOD、10LOD)的回收率为 62. 3%～118. 1%,RSD(n=6)均<15%。结论 本方法稳定性高、特异性强、灵敏、准确、高效,可以用于油料油脂中多种除草剂残留的定性定量检测。     

浙江杭嘉湖平原油菜生长的土壤地球化学研究

在浙江省杭嘉湖平原区区域农业环境地球化学调查的基础上，选择嘉善县西塘、余杭县乔司二个典型地区作为专题研究区，对比研究了土壤条件与油菜元素含量、生长及产量间的关系，指出制约油菜生长的土壤地球化学因素，为研究区以至区域内油菜生产的种植和合理施肥提供了科学依据。     

Current state and perspectives for oilseed rape production for energy purposes in Poland

The article aims to analyze the current state and determine the perspectives for oilseed rape production for energy purposes in Poland. According to the study, in recent years the oilseed rape area for energy purposes and the production of biocomponents and biofuels from oilseed rape have been on the rise in Poland. The considerable and spatially concentrated energy potential of oilseed rape in Poland is noted. It is indicated that the greatest energy potential of the oilseed rape production is the four neighboring voivodeships: Dolno?l?skie, Opolskie, Wielkopolskie, and Kujawsko-Pomorskie.     

Orientation and Feeding Responses of the Pollen Beetle, Meligethes aeneus, to Candytuft, Iberis amara

The pollen beetle, Meligethes aeneus, which is an important pest of oilseed rape, Brassica napus, and turnip rape, B. rapa var. campestris, does not oviposit in all species of the Brassicaceae. The relationship between M. aeneus and candytuft, Iberis amara (Brassicacae), was investigated as part of chemical ecological studies into the development of control methods employing non-host-derived repellents. In choice and nonchoice feeding tests, M. aeneus completely rejected I. amara. However, in a field experiment using traps baited with flowering racemes of I. amara and B. napus, M. aeneus was attracted to both species. Gas chromatographic (GC) and GC-electroantennogram (GC-EAG) analyses indicated that the profiles of the floral volatiles of the two species are different. At least 12 compounds among the I. amara floral volatiles were detected by the M. aeneus antenna, and, of these, hexanoic acid, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene and alpha-cedrene were not found among B. napus flower volatiles. Since M. aeneus is stimulated by floral volatiles to approach I. amara, but rejects it near, or at, the plant surface, I. amara does not produce repellents that could be used to manipulate M. aeneus. However, it may contain feeding deterrent(s) that could be used in "push-pull" control techniques or in the development of resistant brassicaceous crops.     

STUDY OF SOLID-LIQUID EXTRACTIONS IN A BATCH EQUIPMENT

A batch pilot-scale apparatus is described for the study of processes for obtaining phyto-extracts using solvents. The distinctive feature of the equipment is that it provides the efficiency of a multi-stage counter-current extraction, yet uses only a single batch extractor (as opposed to a battery of extractors). This is achieved by using an auxiliary tank in which intermediate extracts are saved and recirculated in a pre-established order. Careful design of the mechanisms for the circulation of liquid from such tanks has resulted in an apparatus that is compact and has simple, flexible operation. A prototype of this apparatus was constructed for the study of the direct extraction of oil from sunflower seeds using hexane A simple model that describes the operation of the equipment is presented and applied to our experimental work with oilseeds.     

Isolation and identification of galactinol from castor oilseed meal

Galactinol, 1-O-α-D-galactopyranosyl-D-myo-inositol, is an essential intermediate in the biosynthesis of raffinose saccharides in plant tissues. The unavailability of a commercial source for this metabolite has hindered research on raffinose saccharide metabolism to date. The objective of this study was to develop a facile method for obtaining highly purified galactinol from a readily available source. Defatted castor oilseed meal was found to exhibit a simple soluble carbohydrate profile that included galactinol. Purification of galactinol from castor meal was achieved by enzymatic treatment and a series of liquid chromatography steps, including ion-exchange and carbon adsorption. The isolation procedure was reliable with a yield of 278 mg of galactinol from 150 g of defatted meal. The purity of galactinol was estimated at 96.4% by high-performance liquid chromatography. The identity of the purified galactinol was confirmed by enzymatic analysis, identical relative retention times on high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography, and comparison of its mass spectrum to that of authentic galactinol. Presented at the AOCS Annual Meeting in Chicago in May 1991 [INFORM 2:334 (1991)].     

Determination of total glucosinolates in oilseed rape by X-ray spectrometric analysis for oxidised sulphur (S6+)

A rapid X-ray spectrometric (XRS) method has been developed for the determination of the total glucosinolate content of oilseed rape and other Brassica oilseeds. The method is based on analysis for fully oxidised sulphur (S⁶⁺), which includes half the sulphur (S) in the glucosinolate molecule, and the S in sulphate. Results are highly correlated with glucosinolate content determined by glucose release, a standard method widely used in Australia. The relationship is total glucosinolates = (23·97 S⁶⁺ -9·43) r² = 0·987, where the glucosinolate content is expressed as μmol g^?1 and the S⁶⁺ content in mg g^?1. The relationship is applicable to seed of any glucosinolate content and to meal, and is unaffected by changes in protein sulphur content. The correlation of glucosinolates with S⁶⁺ is shown to be closer than the correlation with total S. The latter correlation forms the basis of the existing XRS method, used within the European Community in recent years. The advantages of S⁶⁺ derive from the linearity of the regression and the elimination of errors caused by variation in protein content. The method should be valuable to the Australian oilseed industry because it allows the rapid screening of breeding lines to ensure low glucosinolate content and the assessment of deliveries for crushing and of meal.     

我国油料产业形势分析与发展对策

油料安全事关国计民生,保障油料有效供给是我国必须坚守的国家粮食安全底线。站在全球视角,对2011/2012—2020/2021年度我国油料供需形势、生产形势及市场形势进行分析,明确我国油料产业在生产、加工、贸易等方面面临的挑战,并针对性地提出了统一科学谋划与增强政策扶持精准度相结合,强化科技支撑与耕地资源保护相结合,提高农户油料种植收益与增强自然灾害抵御能力相结合,坚持大宗油料品牌建设与特色油料资源开发相结合,稳定当前农业合作伙伴关系与扩宽油料进口来源相结合,实施差异化市场监管与引导居民科学消费相结合等发展对策,以期为促进油料生产、保障植物油有效供给、降低植物油对外依存度,维护国家粮油安全提供参考。