Nonfloral sources of chemicals that attract male euglossine bees (Apidae: Euglossini)

We present chemical analysis of four rotten or fungus-infected logs that attracted fragrance-collecting male euglossine bees. Eight of the 10 volatile compounds detected have never been found in the fragrances of orchids pollinated by male euglossine bees. Nonfloral sources of chemicals such as rotting wood may constitute an important fragrance resource for male bees. Since rotten logs produce large quantities of chemicals over long periods of time, such nonfloral sources might be more important than flowers as a source of certain fragrances for some euglossine bee species. Fragrance collecting in euglossine bees might have evolved originally in relation with rotting wood rather than flowers.     

兰炭在造气炉中试烧小结

随着冶金焦价格不断攀升,导致TDI产品生产成本大幅增加.兰炭由于煤种、生产工艺的原因,在强度和挥发分含量上具有优势,因此选用兰炭进行试烧试验.试烧结果表明,在造气炉出口温度约380 ℃、炉条温度120～160℃条件下,系统可稳定运行.     

Functional Expression of an Orchid Fragrance Gene in Lactococcus lactis

Vanda Mimi Palmer (VMP), an orchid hybrid of Vanda tesselata and Vanda Tan Chay Yan is a highly scented tropical orchid which blooms all year round. Previous studies revealed that VMP produces a variety of isoprenoid volatiles during daylight. Isoprenoids are well known to contribute significantly to the scent of most fragrant plants. They are a large group of secondary metabolites which may possess valuable characteristics such as flavor, fragrance and toxicity and are produced via two pathways, the mevalonate (MVA) pathway or/and the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. In this study, a sesquiterpene synthase gene denoted VMPSTS, previously isolated from a floral cDNA library of VMP was cloned and expressed in Lactococcus lactis to characterize the functionality of the protein. L. lactis, a food grade bacterium which utilizes the mevalonate pathway for isoprenoid production was found to be a suitable host for the characterization of plant terpene synthases. Through recombinant expression of VMPSTS, it was revealed that VMPSTS produced multiple sesquiterpenes and germacrene D dominates its profile.     

传统古典园林造园手法在现代公园设计中的应用--以广州兰圃为例

广州兰圃在几代园林专家的精心经营调整下,成为了现代岭南园林的精品,在国内外都享有较高的声誉。本文从其发展历史、总体布局等方面,分析了各种传统造园手法在其中的运用。     

兰亭胜迹

公元353年，王羲之会友于山阴县兰亭，流觞赋诗，留下了千古名篇《兰亭集序》。现存绍兴兰亭，于1980年进行重修。乾隆皇帝自命风雅在圆明园建造了兰亭，为圆明园四十景之一。圆明园毁后，于宣统二年（1910年），兰亭的八柱及石屏移置颐和园，于抗日战争前1933年前后，再移置中山公园，1971年在中山公园唐花坞西边，利用八柱建立八角重檐琉璃顶兰亭，亭中立原有之石屏。几处兰亭均是建筑、叠石和植物建造的人工园景，却注意形成山野的气氛，得到小中见大的效果。     

Accumulation ofDendrobium superbum (orchidaceae) fragrance in the rectal glands by males of the melon fly,Dacus cucurbitae

4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone was characterized from flowers of the orchidDendrobium superbum as a specific attractant factor for the male melon fly,Dacus cucurbitae. The male flies compulsively licked the flower surface and sequestered the compound in significant quantities in their rectal glands. The compound was detected within 6 hr after ingestion and was retained for more than six days in the rectal gland sacs.     

《四部丛刊》检索分析视角下“曲水流觞”传统山水环境模式环境要素探析

“曲水流觞”作为中国传统山水环境模式之一,是历代诗文、绘画、书法和园林等诸多作品反复描绘的主题。旨在对“曲水流觞”所处环境变迁和环境要素进行理性分析,从而为其在现当代风景园林中的传承提供依据。基于对《四部丛刊》中“流觞”关键词的检索,通过数据统计、语义分析和文本分析的方法,研究“流觞”在不同历史时期、不同体裁和语义背景中的使用状况,进而分析“曲水流觞”山水环境模式的历史演变过程及其涉及的环境要素。结果表明,“曲水流觞”山水环境模式的传承主要依托3种环境：自然环境、园林和历史遗迹、建筑;涉及4类环境要素：地形、植物、水体和建筑。研究发现,不同环境下对各类环境要素的运用程度和方式存在差异,水体要素则在不同环境下均最受重视。最后针对“曲水流觞”主题在中国传统文人园林中的重要地位进行讨论。     

蝴蝶兰花梗腋芽诱导的影响因素

实验以蝴蝶兰花梗为外植体，采取组织培养的方法，设置多项平行处理，目的在于对影响腋芽诱导的基本培养基、6-BA、母株品种、花梗节位等因素进行研究，实验结果表明：MS较VW更适宜于腋芽诱导，而VW更利于消除黑化现象；MS添加6-BA5mg／L适于腋芽前期生长，而6-BA3mg／L适于后期生长；不同品种的蝴蝶兰花梗腋芽诱导差异显著；营养芽是较花芽更适宜的外植体．结论显示：黄花蝴蝶兰花梗营养芽前期培养于MS 6-BA5mg／L，30d后转接至MS 6-BA3mg／L中培养效果最为理想.