Effect of marinating ingredients on temperature-induced denaturation of hemoglobin and its relation to red blood spot formation in cooked chicken breast

Red blood spot (RBS) commonly found in cooked chicken breast has caused severe economic loss as it is perceived as a sign of undercooked product. The objectives of this study were to investigate the cause of RBS as related to common ingredients used in marination, based on both chicken breast and isolated chicken hemoglobin (Hb) models. The effect of sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), and glucose on thermal denaturation of Hb was investigated along with the extent of RBS formation in cooked marinated chicken breast. After vacuum tumbling for 65 min and subsequent storage at 4 °C for 20 hr, STPP and glucose were not absorbed into the center of chicken breast. However, Na⁺ was absorbed after 12 hr storage. The denaturation temperature (T_d) of isolated chicken Hb decreased to 65.8 °C in the presence of 1.5 M NaCl, while that of the control was 69.4 °C. STPP at pH 9 decreased T_d of Hb to 61.4 °C. The alkaline pH induced by STPP destabilized the Hb structure. RBSs were observed at 100% incidence when cooked to core temperatures of 50 and 70 °C for 1 min. RBSs were completely eliminated at core temperature of 85 °C. The ingredients used during marination appeared to have a minimal effect on RBS formation due to their limited absorption into the chicken breast. The cooking temperature is a major factor governing RBSs, as it directly affects the denaturation of Hb.     

Innovative Membrane-Based Catalytic Process for Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of Oxygenates

Synthesis of liquid oxygenates from light alkanes (C₁--C₃) is achieved in a multifunctional three-phase catalytic membrane reactor (3PCMR) operating under mild conditions (T_R, 80-120 °C; P_R, 140 kPa). The features of superacid catalytic membranes mediated by the Meⁿ⁺/H₂O₂ Fenton system in activating C₁-C₃ alkanes are presented. The effect of operating conditions ([H₂O₂], [Meⁿ⁺]) on the catalyst activity is outlined. A general reaction pathway accounting for the activation of the CH bond of the alkane molecule on the superacid sites and the subsequent reaction of the activated alkane with primary reactive intermediates, generated from the Meⁿ⁺/H₂O₂ system, is proposed. The suitability of the 3PCMR in enabling simultaneous reaction and product separation is discussed.     

Monooxygenase system of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus megaterium</Emphasis> ALA2: Studies on palmitic acid oxidation products

We identified many novel oxygenated FA produced from linoleic acid by microbial strain ALA2: 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (12,13,17-THOA); 12,13,16-trihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (12,13,16-THOA); 12-hydroxy-13,16-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid; and 12,17;13,17-diepoxy-16-hydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid. 12,13,17-THOA, the main product, inhibits the growth of some plant pathogenic fungi. Recently, we reclassified strain ALA2 as Bacillus megaterium ALA2 NRRL B-21660 and opened a possible link with the well-studied catalytically self-sufficient P450 monooxygenase of Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581 (NRRL B-3712) and B. subtilis strain 168 (NRRL B-4219). Now we have found that strain ALA2 also oxidizes palmitic acid into three oxygenated products: 13-, 14-, and 15-hydroxy palmitic acids. This indicates that strain ALA2 also possesses a monooxygenase system similar to the abovementioned well-known strains. These data facilitate studies on the oxygenase system of strain ALA2.     

Self-emulsifiable soybean oil phosphate ester polyols for low-VOC corrosion resistant coatings

A series of soybean oil phosphate ester polyols (SOPEP) was prepared by reaction of fully epoxidized soybean oil with phosphoric acid and simultanoeous hydrolysis in the presence of a polar solvent. The polyols were characterized by determination of acid value, oxirane number, hydroxyl value, molecular weight (GPC), and FTIR spectra. These polyols with varying amounts of acid phosphate groups could be self-emulsified to form aqueous dispersions after neutralization with organic base. These aqueous dispersion showed varying degrees of stability and their appearance ranged from opaque dispersions to translucent to clear solutions. Waterborne coating compositions were prepared using these aqueous dispersions as principal components and their thermally cured film properties were studied. it was found that by careful selection and formulation, SOPEPs can be successfully used for low-VOC waterborne coating formulations. SOPEPs with 3.5% phosphate ester content showed visibly superior corrosion resistance properties.     

荧光光谱法研究茶碱与血红蛋白的相互作用

运用荧光光谱法研究了茶碱与牛血红蛋白(BHb)的相互作用,茶碱对牛血红蛋白的荧光猝灭过程主要为静态猝灭。测定了不同温度下该反应的结合常数、结合位点数及结合热力学参数,热力学参数的变化,表明上述作用过程是一个熵增加、自由能降低的自发分子间作用过程,而且是以疏水作用为主。用同步荧光技术考察了茶碱对BHb构象的影响。     

利用物理模型合成皮肤图像

为了获得各种丰富和逼真的皮肤图像,在对皮肤结构和皮肤组成进行分析的基础上,提出了一种基于物理模型的鲁棒算法对输入的单张皮肤图像自动进行色素分离,并在此基础上实现了全局性和局部性的合成。输入的图像首先被分成N个子区域,并依次在每个子区域利用ICA算法提取分离向量,之后对得到的分离向量进行合理性验证。如果分离向量不合理,则丢弃,在下一个子区域重复上述过程。最后,从所有的合理分离向量中得到最终的分离向量,分离得到黑色素和血色素的密度分布图。通过改变色素的密度可以进行全局性合成,也可以利用密度信息选取感兴趣区域进行局部性合成。实验结果表明,该算法非常有效,可以对人体皮肤图像进行"电子化妆",重新生成更多逼真的合成图像。     

纳米金-壳聚糖-血红蛋白/普鲁士蓝/金电极检测过氧化氢

在普鲁士蓝修饰的金电极上,通过纳米金/壳聚糖复合膜固定血红蛋白,研制了安培型过氧化氢生物传感器,线性范围和检测限分别为1～5 000 umol/L和0.27umol/L.     

高温水采暖系统内部氧腐蚀

对阜康冶炼厂高温水采暖系统内部产生氧腐蚀的原因进行分析，采取相应的措施，收到良好的效果     

膜法富氧局部助燃技术在冶金工业中的应用研究

膜法富氧局部增氧助燃技术在冶金工业中得到越来越多的应用。为此，阐述了富氧用于冶金的节能依据，富氧技术在冶金中的应用和发展，并对其现状与未来作了综述。