栲胶法变换气脱硫工艺

介绍了栲胶法脱硫的原理，工艺流程及规整填料在脱硫塔中的应用。     

A Shortcut Method for Estimating the HETP of Structured Packed Distillation Columns at Elevated Pressure

A shortcut model is developed for predicting the HETP of a structured packed distillation column operating at elevated pressure. The proposed model incorporates the geometrical parameters of the packing, physical properties of the vapor and liquid phases, and the hydrodynamics of the two‐phase flow. The proposed model is tested and validated by comparing the predicted results with the present experimental data and some published HETP data. The results show that the proposed model can predict the experimental data with a deviation smaller than 20 %.     

How disorder can diminish avalanche risks: effect of size distribution

We study the behavior of disk assemblies with a variable disorder distribution. The packing is first consolidated and then continuously tilted very slowly. The amount of displaced disks for each tilted angle is recorded. Large displacements of the disks can occur due to some local or global mechanical instabilities. The definition of neighboring disks is based on radical (extension of Voronoï) tessellation rules to decompose, in a unique and perfectly defined manner, the two-dimensional space for polydisperse disks. In this way, by comparing the characteristics of stability for one disk to the neighboring ones for local ordered cluster, we can predict the global amount of displaced disks. Some tilting cycles have been performed to check the correlation between the instability of the packing structure (collective displacements) with micro and macro order parameters.     

填料-旋流板脱硫塔在净化加压变脱改造中的设计与应用

阐述了以塑料阶梯环填料与带溢流锥双程叶片旋流塔板组合的新型复合脱硫塔的设计开发,其结构特点为旋流板塔板采用了双程叶片结构,溢流装置采用新型带螺旋叶片结构,塔上部设置高2.53m填料层,改进并优化了喷淋装置及气体进、出口结构等。通过实际应用,证明该型脱硫塔在净化加压变换气脱硫工序中的应用是成功的。     

规整填料在铜洗塔中的应用研究

本文研究了铜洗液脱除合成气中少量ＣＯ、ＣＯ２的反应和传质吸收机理。分析了铜洗塔中应用高效规整填料所具有的技术优势，以及在设计改造中应注意的关键问题。模拟结果和应用效果表明，采用高效填料塔技术是合成氨装置扩大生产能力、提高合成气质量、降低成本的重要措施。     

A novel unified correlation model using ensemble support vector regression for prediction of flooding velocity in randomly packed towers

Traditional empirical correlations and models have found insufficient to predict the flooding velocity accurately mainly because there are many kinds of random packings which exhibit different characteristics. In this work, a novel data-driven modeling method, i.e. ensemble least squares support vector regression (ELSSVR), is proposed to construct a unified correlation for prediction of the flooding velocity for packed towers with random packings. The flooding data are first clustered into several classes by the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. Then, several single LSSVR models can be trained using each sub-class of samples to capture the special characteristics. Moreover, a weighted least squares approach is adopted to integrate these single LSSVR models. Consequently, the ELSSVR model can extract the feature information of flooding data effectively and improve the prediction performance. The proposed ELSSVR method is applied to construct a unified correlation for prediction of the flooding velocity in randomly packed towers. The obtained results for several kinds of random packings demonstrate that the ELSSVR-based correlation can obtain better prediction performance, compared with the traditional semi-empirical correlations and artificial neural networks-based models. Finally, a database containing the modeling information of flooding velocity in randomly packed towers of China is provided for academic research.     

The Impact of Tower Internals on Packing Performance

The overall tower performance is influenced by the type of both tower internals and random packing. The Raschig GmbH's most recent development is the Raschig Super‐Ring^®, the fourth generation of random packings. In 1998, the Raschig Super‐Ring No. 2 was tested at the facilities of Fractional Research Inc. A significantly improved capacity and pressure drop over other random packing was observed without reducing the efficiency. A recent retesting of Raschig Super‐Ring No.2 using new tower internals revealed that the revised tower internals further improved the performance. Raschig has noticeable experience in designing liquid distributors.     

Liquid Holdup in Catalyst‐Containing Pockets of a Modular Catalytic Structured Packing

This paper introduces a simple, first principles‐based model describing the liquid holdup in the catalyst‐containing pockets of Katapak‐SP, a modular catalytic structured packing developed to allow a certain degree of flexibility with respect to the variation in reaction‐to‐separation requirements in a single unit. The basic requirement for the catalyst‐containing pockets in this respect is to be fully filled with flowing liquid which implies that the operating holdup is bound between the static holdup of the catalyst bed as the lower end, and that corresponding to the upper limit, the so‐called catalytic load point. The latter is the liquid load corresponding to the bed saturation point, indicating that excessive liquid will be retained, i.e., will remain in the separation part of the packing element and mix with the liquid leaving the catalyst‐filled pockets at the bottom of the element. Detailed knowledge of the liquid holdup as well as the pattern of the trickling flow is essential because it governs the performance of the reaction part and consequently the hybrid unit as a whole. Both glass and resin (an industrial catalyst) particles were used in conjunction with water and a binary water‐methanol mixture as working fluids. The model predictions for static holdup and the catalytic load agree well with the experiments.     

Transient gas–liquid mass transfer model for thin liquid films on structured solid packings

This paper describes a model for gas–liquid mass transfer through thin liquid films present on structured packings for gas–liquid operations under dispersed gas flow regime. The model has been derived for two cases: the absorption (or desorption) of a gaseous component into the liquid film and the transfer of the gaseous component through the liquid film to the packing surface where an infinitely fast reaction takes place. These cases have been solved for three bubble geometries: rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical. For Fourier numbers below 0.3, the model corresponds to Higbie’s penetration theory for both cases. The Sherwood numbers for cylindrical and spherical bubbles are 20% and 35% higher, respectively, than for rectangular bubbles. In case of absorption and Fourier numbers exceeding 3, the effect of bubble geometry becomes more pronounced. The Sherwood numbers for cylindrical and spherical bubbles now are 55% and 100% higher, respectively, than for rectangular bubbles. In case of an infinitely fast reaction at the packing surface, the Sherwood number corresponds to Whitman’s film theory (Sh=1$Sh=1$) for all bubble geometries. In this paper also practical approximations to the derived Sherwood numbers are presented. The approximations for both cases and all bubble geometries describe all the model data within an error of 4%. The application of the model has been demonstrated for three examples: (1) gas–liquid mass transfer for a structured packing; (2) gas–liquid mass transfer in a microchannel operated with annular flow; (3) gas–liquid mass transfer in a microchannel with Taylor flow.     

硫酸二甲酯精馏系统的改造

精馏塔改用规整填料,提高了硫酸二甲酯产品质量。