Compensation of voltage disturbances using PEMFC supported Dynamic Voltage Restorer

The continuity of supply and quality of power are the two main significant aspects of today’s power delivery system. The Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is a series connected custom power device which improves the quality of power delivered to the consumers. This paper deals with the effectual exploitation of DVR for interconnecting the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack to the grid based on optimized proportional integral (PI) and fuzzy logic (FL) Controller. The real coded Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the PI controller parameters. The PEMFC operated boost converter is used to boost up the fuel cell output voltage to balance the DC side necessities of the voltage source converter (VSC). The proposed DVR provides balanced and unbalanced voltage sag/swell compensation, harmonic reduction as well as an active power injection to the grid. The designed method also protects the sensitive loads from source side power quality disturbances including short term interruption. In addition, the harmonic compensation performance of the proposed work is validated by comparing with the results of the H^∞ controller based DVR under medium level voltage condition. The simulation results from MATLAB/SIMULINK are discussed to prove the effectiveness of the planned method.     

湿砂型铸铁件的胀砂、缩孔、缩松缺陷--湿砂型铸铁件缺陷讲座(五)

叙述胀砂与缩孔、缩松的关系，说明提高砂型刚度对防止胀砂、缩孔、缩松的重要性。指出型砂强度和砂型的紧实程度是常温下影响湿砂型刚度的主要因素。对影响湿砂型浇注时的刚度的各种因素进行了分析。     

聚合物熔体在圆锥短口模的挤出胀大方程

深入讨论了聚合物熔体在不同长径比、不同角度圆锥短口模的挤出胀大现象及机理，利用生产用挤出机进行不同角度的圆锥短口模实验。结果表明，圆锥短口模挤出过程中，熔体在收敛流道受到拉伸流变，导致强烈的入口弹性效应，表现为熔体在短口模挤出时显著的挤出胀大。理论和实验研究结果进一步表明不同圆锥口模入口角对实验材料表现出有不同的挤出胀大值。     

聚合物熔体在圆锥口型的挤出胀大方程

在聚合物熔体入口收敛流变中引入纯拉伸流变概念，应用张量理论进行了定量分析，导出了一个描述圆锥口型的挤出胀大方程。研究表明，入口收敛拉伸流变，是取合物熔体产生了强烈的弹性形变，导致了较大的挤出物胀大比。     

Recycling of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) waste. III. Processability of EPDM rubber compound containing ground EPDM vulcanizates

The rheological behavior of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) compounds containing ground EPDM waste (W‐EPDM) of known composition was studied by using a Monsanto processability tester in a temperature range of 90–110°C and a shear rate range of 306.7–1533.24 s^?1. It is found that the shear viscosity decreases slightly with increasing W‐EPDM loading because of wall slip that results from the migration of lubricants from the W‐EPDM. The addition of W‐EPDM to raw EPDM results in a decreased die swell at all temperatures and shear rates. SEM photomicrographs of the EPDM extrudate surface show improved surface smoothness and reduced extrudate distortion when EPDM is blended with W‐EPDM. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 2204–2215, 2003     

LLDPE／LDPE共混物熔体挤出胀大行为的研究

应用毛细管流变仪，考察了实验条件下线性低密度聚乙烯与低密度聚乙烯共混物（ＬＬＤＰＥ／ＬＤＰＥ）熔体挤出胀大行为及其影响因素。结果表明，挤出胀大比Ｂ与剪切应力近似呈幂律关系，而随口型长径比的增加呈指数衰减，当共混比为５０／５０时，Ｂ产生局部极涉值现象。     

圆砾改良膨胀土膨胀性试验研究

针对陕南旬阳地区某电厂工程在地基处理过程中遇到的膨胀土问题,结合场址附近圆砾资源丰富的地质条件,提出了一种新的改良方法——在膨胀土中掺入圆砾.根据土工试验规程进行重型击实试验,分别按照掺加圆砾比例为0%、20%、30%、40%、45%和55%开展试验.研究结果表明:改良试样的最大干密度从1.84g·cm-3提高到2.05g·cm-3,最优含水量从18.76%降低到11.32%;对改良试样进行膨胀量试验,掺加圆砾比例为45%时膨胀性改良效果最好,浸水膨胀达到稳定的时间约为600min.而未掺加圆砾的试样在2 160min还未达到膨胀稳定状态.     

Effect of characteristic scale on the extrudate swelling behavior of polypropylene melt in a micro-extrusion process

The swelling behavior in micro-extrusion has a significant effect on the dimensional and shape accuracy of microproducts. In this study, the effect of characteristic scale, defined as the gap of die land in an annular micro-extrusion die, on the extrudate swelling behavior of viscoelastic melt is analyzed through numerical simulations and micro-extrusion experiments. The results show that the swelling behavior displays an obvious dependence on the characteristic scale. An increase in the characteristic scale reduces the swell ratio and retards the process to reach the equilibrium state. In contrast, a decrease in the characteristic scale results in a larger magnitude of change in velocity field and faster relaxation development of stress field. The location of the maximum velocity layer for the laminar flow gradually deviates from the geometric center of channel toward the wall of mandrel with the increase in the characteristic scale. Moreover, an increase in the flow rate results in a larger swell ratio for a constant characteristic scale. The elastic effect plays a more dominant role than the viscous effect in determining the viscoelastic swell behavior. It is imperative to consider the complicated swelling behavior and remarkable viscoelastic effect simultaneously in micro-extrusion process.     

气体辅助挤出中影响气垫形成及稳定性因素分析

对一种新型挤出技术———气辅挤出中的气垫层形成及其稳定性影响因素进行了实验研究和分析,对气体压力的研究表明,当气体压力高于熔体压力时,气流就会影响到挤出口模内熔体的流动,使挤出物表面出现竹节状突起,但气体压力太低时(实验条件下低于0.2MPa)形成不了稳定的气垫膜层;气体流量的大小影响到气垫层的厚度和气垫层内气体的速度,并可通过调整气体流量控制挤出物的截面尺寸;气体温度影响到气垫层的稳定,为保持稳定的气垫层,气体温度应保持和口模温度一致。     

Al-Zr-O体系反应合成原位复合材料的微结构与磨损特性

运用A359-Zr(CO3)2体系熔体反应法制备了(Al3Zr Al2O3)p/A359复合材料,研究了增强颗粒的含量对(Al3Zr Al2o3)p/A359复合材料干滑动磨损性能的影响.结果表明:Zr(CO3)2与A359熔体反应生成了Al2O3和Al3Zr颗粒;复合材料的磨损量随载荷的增大和时间的延长均远小于基体的,同一条件下复合材料的磨损量随Al3Zr和Al2O3颗粒含量的增加而减少,当载荷为98 N时,12%(Al3Zr Al2O3)p/A359复合材料(体积分数)的耐磨性比基体的提高了2.5倍.磨损表面及亚表面的SEM分析表明,基体A359磨损表面存在撕裂纹并与亚表面连接,表现为粘着磨损和剥层磨损;(Al3Zr Al2O3)p/A359复合材料的磨损表面及亚表面平整光滑,主要表现为磨粒磨损.