Modification of leather properties by grafting. I. Effect of monomer chain on the physico‐mechanical properties of grafted leather

Although leather has a number of desirable properties such as thermal stability and fire retardancey, in addition to high toughness, it has a few drawbacks such as weight, high water absorption, poor soil and rot resistance, and nonuniformity. If these defects are overcome, leather's usefulness would be further enhanced and its competitive position with respect to synthetics would increase. This study reports the physical and mechanical properties of buffalo leather after chemical graft copolymerization with ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and 2‐ethyl hexyl acrylate using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. The optimum conditions for grafting (e.g., monomer and initiator concentrations, temperature and time of grafting, and solvent leather ratio) were extensively investigated. The study achieved outstanding properties for buffalo leather in reduction of water uptake after grafting, especially on using 2‐ethyl hexyl acrylate and butyl acrylate monomers. FT‐IR and solid ¹³C‐NMR for leather before and after grafting confirmed the grafting process.© 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1478–1483, 2003     

Evaluation of Polyester Resin as a New Compatibilizer for SBR/PVC Blends

A polyester (PE) based on the glycolyzed products of PET was prepared and added in different concentrations to a series of SBR/PVC blends. The addition of the polyester showed that all properties of SBR/PVC blends were improved by incorporation of PE. Highest mechanical strength values were obtained at a polyester concentration of 7.5 phr. Thermal analysis as well as dynamic mechanical properties of SBR/PVC blends after the addition of 7.5 and 10 phr polyester indicated one single glass transition temperature. The dielectric losses (?") were analyzed in the frequency domains in the two terms of Fröhlich related to the Maxwell Wagner effect and the orientation of the aggregates caused by the movement of the main chain. The permittivity (?') values were found to increase by increasing the polyester content. This increase was followed by a decrease in the ?" up to a 7.5 phr polyester content after which no pronounced change was noticed.     

Application of Taguchi method in determining optimum level of curing system of NBR/PVC blend

Taguchi method is applied in this study to determine the optimum level of curing system (sulfur, MBTS, and CBS) in a NBR/PVC blend. By considering physicomechanical properties of cured NBR/PVC blend, optimum level of curing system is determined. A fixed master batch formulation of NBR/PVC is used, and the effect of curing system is studied on the physicomechanical properties of NBR/PVC blend, such as tensile strength (TS) and elongation‐at‐break (EB) before and after aging and also hardness and abrasion. The L9 orthogonal array that includes nine rows and four columns is applied. In this matrix, rows show the experiments and three columns show the amount of three factors (sulfur, MBTS, and CBS) and one column is left arbitrarily as an empty column. In this array, the columns are mutually orthogonal. The optimum physicomechanical properties of cured NBR/PVC blend are at 2 phr sulfur, 2 phr MBTS, and 0.5 phr CBS of curing system. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5358–5362, 2006     

Copolymers of chosen alkyl methacrylates with N-phenylmaleimide and N-(4-halogenphenyl)maleimides: A UV-aging study

Homopolymers and copolymers of ethyl and butyl methacrylates with N-phenylmaleimide, N-(4-chlorophenyl)maleimide, and N-(4-bromophenyl)maleimide were synthesized by free-radical bulk polymerization with benzoyl peroxide as the initiator. The content of imide in the copolymers was about 5–10 or 7.5 wt %. The homopolymers and copolymers were irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light in a climatic test chamber for various periods to study their aging behavior. After 100, 250, and 500 h, the structure, thermal stability, chemical resistance, and some physicomechanical properties were examined. The influence of UV radiation time on structure and the investigated properties of the homopolymers and copolymers were studied. The experimental results indicate that all investigated copolymers were resistant to UV radiation after 500 h. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 3244–3250, 2001     

玻璃纤维水泥复合板的性能研究

重点介绍了磨细粉煤灰作为一种胶结材料，对提高和改善下斑纤维水泥板的各项物理力学性能所起的作用，经试验证明：各项基本性能均复全有关国家标准。     

土工膜的有关物理力学性试验研究

结合云南省罗平县大麦田水库喀斯特库区补漏加固工程,选取了目前国内外广泛采用的若干种型号PE膜,进行了单一膜、膜与土工布组合、膜与土工布复合等不同形式组合下的拉伸、撕裂、顶破、渗透等多项有关物理力学性试验研究,优选出了适合喀斯特库区防渗的土工膜材料,并从中得出了土工膜的一些重要工程特性。     

活化胶粉在橡胶中的应用

研究活化胶粉的主要性能及在胎面和制品中的应用。实验结果表明,充填４０目活化胶粉之硫化胶性能明显优于充填等量未活化胶粉者。随着活化胶粉用量从Ｏｐｈｒ增至３０ｐｈｒ,ＮＲ／ＢＲ／活化胶粉共混胶的ＭＬ值和挤出应力增大,挤出物外观稍变差,但出口膨胀值降低,挤出物尺寸稳定性好;焦烧和正硫化时间缩短,硫化速度加快;ＮＲ／ＢＲ／活化胶粉共混硫化胶的３００％定伸应力、硬度、撕裂强度、回弹性、热老化性均较无活化胶粉者有不同程度提高,但拉伸强度、扯断伸长率、永久变形、耐磨性、湿滑指数及疲劳性等均有所降低。实际使用证明,在胎面胶添加１０～２５ｐｈｒ４０目活化胶粉及在橡胶制品中加入适量２８目活化胶粉是可行的     

Cure characteristics and physicomechanical properties of natural rubber modified with phosphorylated cashew nut shell liquid prepolymer—A comparison with aromatic oil

Natural rubber (NR) has been modified with 10 phr each of phosphorylated cashew nut shell liquid (PCNSL) prepolymer and an aromatic oil (spindle oil) in a typical semi-efficient vulcanization (SEV) system. Despite the lower chemical crosslink density, the PCNSL modified NR vulcanizate showed higher tensile strength, elongation at break, thermal stability, and resistances to fatigue failure and thermo-oxidative decomposition, as compared to the vulcanizate containing the same dosage of spindle oil. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 813–818, 1999     

Preparation and Characterization of Kenaf Papers Reinforced with Tapioca Starch: Physicomechanical and Morphological Properties

The present study reports the preparation and characterization of kenaf papers that reinforced with tapioca starch by using the ammonium zirconium (IV) carbonate as coupling agent. The examination shows the tearing resistance, tensile strength, and Young’s modulus of the kenaf papers are enhanced with the addition of starch and coupling agent, up to 3% and 1%, respectively. Under the optimum formulation, the degree of coupling reaction is 87%. The Fourier transform infrared and morphological analyses confirm the performance enhancement of kenaf papers is achieved via the formation of chemical bonding between the kenaf fiber and tapioca starch.