Behavioral and electrophysiological study of antifeedant mechanisms associated with polyhydroxy alkaloids

Eleven polyhydroxy alkaloids of plant origin were tested for anti-feedant effects against larvae of the lepidopteransSpodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera frugiperda, Heliothis virescens, andHelicoverpa armigera. Data from behavioral and electrophysiological investigations were correlated to reveal information on the mode of action of the antifeedants. The pyrrolidine DMDP was an effective antifeedant for all four species, whereas the piperidines fagomine and XZ-1 and the pyrrolizidine alexine were all ineffective as antifeedants. The activity of the pyrrolidines CYB-3 and DAB-1, the piperidines DNJ, DMJ, and BR1, and the bicyclic octahydroindolizine castanospermine varied among species. The investigation focuses on the structural similarities between some of the alkaloids and some common phagostimulatory sugars and illustrates a neural interaction involving the neurons that are differentially responsive to alkaloids and sugars. InS. littoralis, the neurons responding specifically to the alkaloids DMDP, DAB-1, and castanospermine and to the sugars fructose, sucrose, and glucose are more active when the compounds are applied singly than when an alkaloid and a sugar are applied together. The implications for the occurrence and functioning of different sugar receptor sites are discussed.     

新型杂化材料[(CH2)5NH2]3[PMo12O40]·3[(CH2)5NH]水热合成与晶体结构

采用水热合成方法制备了有机．无机杂化材料[(CH2)5NH2]3[PMo12O40],晶体结构解析表明,该晶体属正交晶系,Pnma空间群．结晶学参数α=2．4486(2)nm,b=2．1202(3)nm,c=1．193 1(4)nm,β=90．00(0)°,V=6．194 2(9)nm3,Z=4,R=0．061 1,Rw=0．157 3．化合物分子由1个Keggin结构的杂多阴离子PMo12O403-,4个质子化的哌啶构成,十二钼磷酸阴离子和质子化的哌啶分子通过静电引力和氢键相互作用．     

双功能受阻胺光稳定剂GW-540与紫外线吸收剂并用效应的研究

本文用IR、UV、SEM等方法,研究了双功能基受阻胺光稳定剂——三(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)亚磷酸酯(GW-540),与紫外线吸收剂UV-531、UV-327并用时对聚丙烯的防光作用,结果表明:GW-540-UV-531并用体系有良好的防光作用,呈强的协同效应;GW-540-UV-327并用体系呈弱的对抗作用。结果还表明:GW-540对531和327的光分解均有保护作用.电镜研究表明,加入GW-540后,使UV-327在聚丙烯中分散更不均匀,从而影响其效率的发挥。文中提出了两个体系的协同和对抗作用机理。     

西地那非哌啶衍生物的负离子电喷雾多级质谱研究

采用负离子检测方式对 4种西地那非哌啶衍生物进行了电喷雾离子阱质谱研究。这 4种化合物在结构上的差异仅在于烷基取代基不同 ,通过比较它们之间碎片离子的异同 ,对其质谱裂解图解进行分析 ,获得了它们的结构碎片信息。在阐明化合物结构信息方面 ,这一方法与通常所用的同位素标记的方法类似。实验结果表明 ,这 4种西地那非哌啶衍生物的 ( -) ESI-MS2 质谱均产生磺酰基 S-N键断裂的碎片 ;其 ( -) ESI-MS3质谱均产生 S-C键断裂的碎片 ;其 ( -) ESI-MS4质谱均产生脱去苯环上烷氧基的烷基自由基碎片。这些特征可用于阐明西地那非衍生物及其结构类似物的结构     

无硼体系MCM-22分子筛的合成

以哌啶(PI)为模板剂,在不添加晶化助剂下,采用动态水热晶化法合成MCM-22分子筛,考察了晶化时间、PI和Si O2、OH-和Si O2、Si O2和Al2O3的物质的量之比等对晶化产物的影响,结果表明,PI和Si O2,OH-和Si O2,Si O2和Al2O3的物质的量之比为0.50~0.70,0.09~0.10和30~40,晶化时间48~72 h的条件下,能较好地合成MCM-22分子筛。在苯与乙烯液相烷基化制乙苯反应中,以哌啶为模板剂与采用六亚甲基亚胺为模板剂合成的MCM-22分子筛的催化性能相当。     

烯丙基哌啶类离子液体的合成与物化性能研究

以哌啶、溴代正丁烷和烯丙基溴为原料,采用两步法合成出了烯丙基哌啶类离子液体,并用红外光谱（IR）对产物进行了分析表征。同时考察了其在不同溶剂中的溶解性能及导电性能。结果表明,离子液体在水、乙醇、乙酸、丙酮中可以较好的溶解,而在乙醚、正己烷中基本不溶;离子液体的电导率随浓度的增大和温度的升高而增大。     

哌啶对MO/MCM-41催化剂上二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫反应的影响

在固定床反应器上考察了哌啶对二苯并噻吩(DBT)的加氢脱硫(HDS)反应活性及反应路径的影响。反应所用催化剂为MCM-41分子筛担载的Co-Mo或Ni-Mo硫化物,MoO3的负载量为20%,Co(Ni)与Mo的摩尔比为0.75。反应前,催化剂用10% H2S和90% H2的混合气进行硫化,硫化温度为400℃,硫化时间为3 h。HDS反应压力为5.0 MPa,温度为260-340℃,催化剂用量为0.2 g。反应原料为含哌啶和DBT分别为0-0.3%和0.8%的十氢萘溶液,液时空速为27 h-1。研究结果表明,无论是在Co-Mo／MCM-41 催化剂上还是在Ni-Mo／MCM-41催化剂上进行DBT的HDS反应,少量哌啶的存在都会大幅度降低催化剂的活性。由DBT的HDS反应产物的选择性分析发现,哌啶对HDS的抑制作用主要体现在对加氢反应路径的毒害作用。随着反应温度的升高,哌啶的加氢脱氮活性提高,HDS的反应活性接近于原料中没有哌啶时的活性,说明哌啶的毒害作用可能是因为它与含硫化合物竞争吸附而低温下加氢脱氮活性较低所致。     

Piperidine Alkaloids in Nitrogen Fertilized Pinus ponderosa

We fertilized individual, pole-size ponderosa pine trees at two low-quality sites and pine saplings at a relatively high-quality site, with ammonium nitrate. Six to 12 months later, we measured total %N and 2,6-disubstituted piperidine alkaloids in the foliage. The N additions raised foliar %N above deficiency levels (i.e., from 1.0–1.1% to 1.4–1.6%) at the low-quality sites, but did not elevate foliar %N in saplings at the higher quality site, where it was already (1.9%) well above critical levels. In control trees with foliar N below a threshold of 1.1%, we detected no more than trace levels of alkaloids, indicating that alkaloid production is highly constrained by N deficiency. The N additions increased mean concentrations of the predominant alkaloid, pinidine, at all three sites. Mean total alkaloid concentrations for fertilized trees at the two low-quality sites were 12 and 155 g/g dry wt higher than controls (relative increases of 12× and 4.5×, respectively). For saplings at the high-quality site, the mean total increased by 584 g/g dry wt (1.6×) with the N additions. Allocation of foliar N to alkaloids was highest in fertilized saplings (0.81%) compared to control saplings (0.53%). These findings demonstrate that foliar alkaloid concentrations can be increased by nitrogen fertilization of forest trees growing on both low- and high-quality sites. Fertilizing for the purpose of inhibiting potential herbivores may be more successful at higher quality sites where alkaloid levels are enhanced relative to food quality (foliar %N).     

1-烯丙基-6'-硝基吲哚啉螺苯并吡喃染料的合成

以中间体1-烯丙基-2,3,3-三甲基吲哚碘化物与5-硝基水杨醛等为主要试剂,通过两种不同路线合成了题示化合物,并通过1HNMR和IR确证了目标产物的结构。对分步合成路线和以哌啶为催化剂的“一锅法”合成路线进行对比,选择了较优合成路线。     

哌啶的清洁生产工艺探讨

分析哌啶传统生产工艺存在的问题,探索以有机电催化还原方法生产哌啶的清洁生产工艺.结果表明,该工艺具有生产条件温和,节能高效等优点.