Conducting composites of polythiophene and polyfuran with acetylene black

Conducting composites of polythiophene (PTP) and polyfuran (PF) with acetylene black (AB) were prepared via chemical oxidative polymerization of thiophene and furan in a suspension of AB in CHCl₃ at room temperature using anhydrous FeCl₃ as the oxidant. Formation of PTP and PF and their subsequent incorporation in PTP–AB and PF–AB composite systems were confirmed by FTIR analysis. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed the presence of compact clusters of particles in both composites. Transmission electron micrographs of PTP–AB and PF–AB composites showed formation of globular polymer encapsulated AB particles with average diameters of the order of ～100 nm in both systems. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the overall thermal stability varied in the order: AB > PTP–AB > PTP and AB > PF–AB > PF. DC conductivity values for the PTP–AB and PF–AB composites were of the order of 10^?2 and 10^?3 S cm^?1, respectively. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

导电性塑料的研究进展

本文介绍了导电性塑料的发现、分类、品种、应用、研究重点和发展前景。对导电性高聚物的一般合成方法如链聚合法和分步聚合法、特殊的合成方法如光化学聚合进行了总结，并对共轭高聚物的导电机理作了简单的评述。     

Synthesis and characterization of copolythiophene

Copolythiophenes (Co‐PTs), poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐co‐3‐thiophene carboxylic acid) (P3HT‐TCa), poly(3‐hexyloxylthiophene‐co‐3‐thiophene carboxylic acid) (P3HOT‐TCa), and poly(3‐phenylthiophene‐co‐3‐thiophene carboxylic acid) (P3PhT‐TCa), were synthesized by chemical oxidized polymerization to investigate the effect of copolymerization on the properties of polythiophenes (PTs). Gel permeation chromatography showed that the molecular weight (MW) of Co‐PT was lower than that of homopolythiophene. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated that the copolymerization was successful between the monomers. The λ_max of Co‐PTs gave a “blue shift” in ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐VIS) spectra. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed that the PL intensity of Co‐PT became weaker than that of homopolythiophene and the disappearance of PL had been observed in P3HOT‐TCa. The thermal stability of Co‐PT was influenced by the carboxyl for its low decomposition temperature. Furthermore, the copolymerization between multi‐wall carbon nanotube containing thiophene ring (MWNT‐Th) and 3‐hexyloxylthiphene could also take place successfully. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

导电高分子材料的研究与应用现状

主要介绍了聚乙炔、聚吡咯、聚噻吩、聚苯胺、聚对笨乙烯撑这几类导电高分子在近年来的研究进展。综述了提高导电高分子的电导率。改善其溶解性及可加工性的方法，以及导电高分子在电子器件、电池、电磁屏蔽材料、导电橡胶、透明导电膜等方面的实际应用和将来的研究方向。     

Power‐law conductivity in polythiophene/copper(II) acetylacetonate composites

This paper reports the charge transport mechanism of polythiophene (PT) matrix composites having various concentrations of copper(II) acetylacetonate. Characterization and structural analyses of the samples were carried out via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The alternating current electrical properties were investigated as a function of temperature. The change of free energy of adsorption calculated from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm showed that metal ions were electrostatically adsorbed onto polymer chains. Significant morphological changes were observed from SEM images of PT depending on doping process which in turn affected the thermal degradation of PT. The charge transport mechanism determined from a power law showed that there was one frequency‐dependent conductivity region for PT, while there were two regions for the composites in contrast to studies reported in the literature. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

Molecular design of interfacial layers based on conjugated polythiophenes for polymer and hybrid solar cells

In the past two decades, bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices have emerged as attractive candidates for solar energy conversion due to their lightweight design and potential for low‐cost, high‐throughput, solution‐phase processability. Interfacial engineering is a proven efficient approach to achieve OPV devices with high power conversion efficiencies. This mini‐review provides an overview of the key structural considerations necessary when undertaking the molecular design of conjugated polyelectrolytes, for application as interfacial layers (ILs). The different roles of ILs are outlined, together with the advantages and disadvantages of competing classes of IL materials. Particular emphasis is placed on the design and synthesis of water‐soluble polythiophene‐based IL materials and the influence of their structural characteristics on their performance as a promising class of IL material. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for polythiophenes as IL materials for OPV devices and other solution‐processed solar cell technologies (e.g. perovskite solar cells) are discussed. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

二氧化硅/聚噻吩复合吸附剂处理Pb2+和Cd2+

绿色环保、高效等特点是吸附剂发展的趋势。以溶胶-溶剂热法合成了SiO₂,再与聚噻吩反应合成了SiO₂/聚噻吩复合材料。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)以及Zeta电位对复合材料进行了表征分析。SiO₂/聚噻吩是表面粗糙的球形,且表面带有负电荷。SiO₂/聚噻吩复合材料用于吸附Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺离子,改变吸附过程中的变量来研究吸附过程的影响因素,通过探讨动力学和等温线模型来研究其吸附机理。研究结果表明,pH通过改变SiO₂/聚噻吩表面的电荷数来影响吸附性能,吸附容量与吸附剂的量不呈正相关。同时得知,SiO₂/聚噻吩吸附剂吸附Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺的过程符合拟二级动力学模型及Langmuir等温线模型。根据研究结果提出吸附机理:SiO₂/聚噻吩表面的负电荷吸引带有正电荷的重金属离子,以单分层的化学吸附为主吸附过程。     

聚噻吩/WO_3纳米复合材料的制备及气敏性能研究

采用化学氧化聚合法制备出了不同聚噻吩(PTh)掺杂量的PTh/WO3纳米复合材料进行制备,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对PTh/WO3纳米复合材料的晶体结构和形貌进行了表征;并研究了PTh/WO3纳米复合材料制备的气敏元件对H2S气体气敏性能。结果表明:PTh/WO3纳米复合材料对H2S气体具有较高的灵敏度,用PTh质量分数为50%的复合材料制成的气敏元件在工作温度为60℃时,对500×10-6的H2S灵敏度达到98,且具有较快的响应与恢复时间。     

导电高分子纳米复合材料研究进展

介绍了导电高分子纳米复合材料的特点,综述了导电高分子纳米复合材料的最新研究进展,展望了导电高分子纳米复合材料的发展前景。     

Direct pyrolysis mass spectrometry analysis of fresh and aged $\hbox{PF}_{6}^{-}$‐doped polythiophenes

In this study, pyrolysis mass spectrometry has been applied for the investigation of thermal characteristics of ‐doped polythiophene (PTh) films. Thermal degradation of PTh showed behaviour identical with ‐doped polythiophene (BF₄‐PTh), indicating that the effects of the dopants in question on the thermal characteristics of the PTh are not significant. Besides the oligomer peaks (up to hexamer), peaks indicating decomposition of the thiophene ring have also been detected as in the case of BF₄‐PTh. However, the data also indicated that the oxidation of the dopant was much more effective, yielding mainly POF₃, H₃PO₄ compounds even for the freshly prepared samples. Upon ageing, the yield of these products increased and exposure to air for more than 50 days also caused degradation of the PTh chains. Furthermore, substitution of the thiophene (Th) ring by fluorine has been recorded and was associated with reactions of Th with the reactive oxidation products of the dopant. Analyses of the de‐doped samples showed that although de‐doping was effective to a certain extent, inward diffusion of the counter ion (C₄H₉)₄N⁺ has also occurred. This diffusion was more efficient than that was observed for BF₄‐PTh samples. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry